tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64255841375278136332023-06-20T05:44:42.192-07:00Write an analytical essayEasy Topics To Write A Compare And Contrast Essay OnWilliam Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.comBlogger54125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-55190889758759434632020-08-28T04:59:00.001-07:002020-08-28T04:59:04.885-07:00The Stamp Act free essay sampleThat was the homesteaders renowned saying. The homesteaders were being burdened with no state in parliament. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Stamp Act or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They were getting burdened with the Stamp Act, the Tea Act, and the Sugar Act, yet those were just a couple. In the long run the Stamp Act was effectively canceled, yet the Stamp Act was the impetus for the American Revolution. The stamp Act was the main endeavor for Brittany to legitimately burden the pioneers. (Bricklayer Loran) Brittany believed that since they possessed the homesteaders they could burden them, and he pilgrims would and have no say.Brittany put an expense on all recognitions, wills, playing a game of cards, and other regular commercials. (Artisan Loran) Brittany expressed that every reported paper needed to contain a stamp that said the things were burdened. said Believe Junior. Stamps were over the top expensive at that point and relatively few individuals could manage the cost of them. The October delegates met and expressed that the homesteader won't have the option to have any state in parliament. This distraught the settlers irritated. This was the reason for the main genuine fractures between the nationalists and the loyalists.The settlers held an efficient Stamp Act congress to fight the law. The settlers revolted in seaport towns. (Trust Junior) Most gatherings accepted that they reserved the privilege to settle on their own laws. Men who sold stamps were compromised or their homes were determined to fire. The places of the individuals who affirmed this demonstration were additionally determined to fire by the pioneers. The homesteaders began to blacklist the English merchandise that must be stepped, and this began to cause the Imports to go down. Pioneers drew up petitions expressing that the option to burden had a place with gathering colonies.The pilgrims were discontent with this assessment and began to do Just about anything to dispose of It. Benjamin Franklin was one of the big cheeses who faced Brittany and got the Stamp Act canceled. Benjamin Franklin contended and cautioned the English that the continuation of this expense could prompt disobedience. In 1766 well honest businesspeople revoked the Stamp Act. In spite of the fact that the Stamp Act was just one out of the many assessments that Brittany set on the homesteaders, the stamp demonstration was the most Important.The Stamp Act was a major assistance In tarring the Revolutionary war. The Stamp Act was likewise one out of the numerous to get canceled so rapidly. The Stamp Act was a misfortune to the pioneers, yet an incredible advantage moreover. The Stamp Act By military must be stepped, and this began to cause the imports to go down. Pioneers drew up were extremely discontent with this assessment and began to do Just about anything to dispose of it. Benjamin Franklin was one of the big cheeses who faced Brittany and the pioneers, the stamp demonstration was the most significant. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-56961353478097373402020-08-22T14:25:00.001-07:002020-08-22T14:25:34.327-07:00Grocery Retail Market Analysis Essay Example for FreeBasic food item Retail Market Analysis Essay Basic food item retailing in the US is an exceptionally full grown, soaked market. Buyers will, anyway consistently need to purchase food. The business is commonly a high volume/low edge showcase, which is comprised of more than 65,000 markets, hypermarkets, and supermarkets joining for yearly incomes of about $938 billion. The need of compelling gracefully chain the board, minimizing expenses, has brought about an extraordinary convergence of the market, where the best 20 contenders produce over 67% of the business yearly income. Wal-Mart, which is viewed as a hypermarket, leads in staple retailing with 225. 12 billion deals bringing about 24% worth offer during 2010. The second and third driving staple retailers in the US are Kroger and Supervalu with 76.7 billion (7%) and 40.8 billion (4%) 2010 deals (esteem shares), individually. (GMID Global Market Information Database) The business is comprised of four kinds of channels, comprising of grocery stores, hypermarkets, discounters, and comfort stores. Markets are the biggest channel and keep on engaging customers as a result of the nearness to their homes and working environments. Hypermarkets, which incorporate Wal-Mart, are anticipated to be the quickest developing channel and despite the fact that are frequently less helpful for shoppers than other basic food item outlets, many trust it merits the excursion to set aside some cash and are eager to drive somewhat further to visit hypermarkets. Discounters offer a minimal effort alternative for customers by smoothing out numerous activities. At long last, Convenience stores are known for speedy shopping trips, yet customers commonly don't consider comfort stores as a spot to load up on staple goods. Basic food item retailing all in all developed by 2% in 2010, anyway the discounters encountered the most grounded development of 6%. Retailers in the discounters channel for the most part hold littler inventories and will in general convey just a solitary brand of every thing to minimize expenses. The uniquely solid development in 2010 was expected in huge part to the extension of Aldi all through the US. In the wake of seeing significant achievement in 2009, Aldi chose to grow its quality in the US and detailed 68 billion out of 2010 deals (Hoovers). Alongside the development in 2010, the quantity of basic food item outlets declined by 1% in the US. During this year the purchaser buying propensities changed, bringing about customers making more excursions to the supermarket every week and spending marginally more. Customers are burning through 1.5 percent all the more week by week on food supplies, carry the normal to $99.90, yet are spending less at their essential supermarket. At these stores the portion of absolute basic food item dollars spent tumbled to 75.4 percent in 2010 from 76.6 percent in 2009 as indicated by the 2010 US Grocery Shopper Trends report by the Food Marketing Institute. The occupied and completely planned American way of life leaves customers continually looking for helpful shopping arrangements, and basic food item retailing is no special case. In any case, with the downturn in 2009, shoppers concentrated more on worth and cost than on accommodation. Customers have gotten all the more ready to make a special effort to head to and discover scenes that offer lower costs. This has brought about extreme cost based rivalry from mass merchandisers and distribution center clubs. In 2010, rivalry heightened across channels inside the basic food item retailing part. As hypermarkets and discounters removed offer from markets in 2009, numerous stores responded by opening new organizations or bringing costs in 2010 down to win back customers. A few national general store chains limited costs and extended their private name contributions. Coupon utilize additionally developed altogether in 2009 and 2010, as buyers turned out to be progressively happy with searching for and utilizing coupons (GMID Global Market Information Database). Moreover, the channel moving brought about by the financial downturn made numerous new patterns help bait clients back and hold faithful clients. Numerous stores are offering more prominent motivating forces through unwaveringness cards, while others are extending item determinations and concentrating on the developing Hispanic populace in the US. Principally general stores have started utilizing dieticians to be nearby in stores concentrating on wellbeing and health. Customers can ask dieticians inquiries about explicit conditions and help locate the correct items. Another factor that will extraordinarily influence this channel is the development of staple conveyance in the US. Peapod as of now works in a few markets, as does Safeway. Burns and Meijer both declared designs to test basic food item conveyance in specific urban areas, while Publix is trying control side get. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-56910720327659074582020-08-21T12:07:00.001-07:002020-08-21T12:07:30.585-07:00Decline of the Muslim Empires: Safavid, Ottoman, and Mughal EssayDecrease of the Muslim Empires: Safavid, Ottoman, and Mughal Since the start, all realms have confronted change from various perspectives, declining and ascending in status. Numerous realms have fell, just to begin again under an alternate name. Like all realms, the three Muslim Empires, the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals have confronted this unavoidable state. Albeit every individual realm is extraordinary, they each have similitudes in their purposes behind decay. Regardless of whether it is social, strict, monetary, or political reasons, the realms, in the same way as other others, have fallen. The Ottoman Empire, established by Osman, had begun in the northwestern corner of the Anatolian Peninsula. The realm extended quickly, just to debilitate once more. The principal noticeable decay was the loss of region at the Battle of Carlowitz in 1699. A significant number of their reasons of accomplishment have decayed throughout the years and really caused the decrease also. The Ottoman's military was extremely solid, particularly the individuals from the Janissaries corps. Young men were enlisted from the nearby Christian populace to fill in as gatekeepers however simply the best ones became Janissaries. Before long, however, the position got genetic, so there was not, at this point a should be magnificent to involve a position. Additionally, the preparation of authorities declined, and the first class framed a special gathering looking for riches and influence. Despite the fact that the Ottoman framework was strictly lenient, non-Muslims had to pay a head charge in light of the ir exception from military help and were partitioned by strict confidence into various countries that had its own pioneer and laws. Likewise, before the decrease, the situation of the ruler was inherited and a child consistently succeeded his dad. The beneficiary to the royal position picked up understanding by being relegated a... ...itish control. Albeit every one of the three of the domains had arrived at their most noteworthy point and were viewed as three extraordinary Muslim realms, every one of them had begun the procedure of decrease. Aurangzeb's activities can delineate a portion of the purposes behind decay. Without strict resilience, the realm began having various rebellions against the supreme power. By disallowing customs of different religions and all that he thought about shrewd, insubordinate gatherings reasserted nearby position, lessening the head's capacity. In the wake of causing the shortcoming of his domain, Delhi was burnt up by the Persians. During and after his standard, everything began to self-destruct. This comes to show that one lousy ruler can be the explanation behind decrease in any realm in light of the fact that all together for the domain to be effective, it must have a decent ruler, riches, a solid military, and strict resilience. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-58280416779115223772020-05-26T16:13:00.001-07:002020-05-26T16:13:04.358-07:00The Unusual Details Into Example of a Term Paper for College That Most People Dont Know About The Unusual Details Into Example of a Term Paper for College That Most People Don't Know About On the previous portion of your outline, it's also advisable to briefly make a brief statement highlighting the way the discussion in the paper is going to be summed up. So before you search content for the topic, it is crucial that you build an outline concerning how to approach the topic. Firstly, it's crucial that you decide on a topic that's within your tackle zone. Whenever you have researched on a specific topic, you're expected to use a particular citation style. Descriptive college essays are rather popular among professors and students. Students, but do not find the hidden risks. They have a great temptation to find shortcuts in their studies. In particular they will have to write all sorts of new academic assignments and follow some totally new formatting requirements. If you're out to boost your academic performance for a student, then try an illustration of term paper for college that will impact you with additional knowledge and abilities on performing better on your very best topic for the term paper. Research work in college can be flexible particularly when the professor makes it possible for you to pick a topic by yourself. Not much creative skills are essential to compose such sort of College essays. There has to be an essay competition happening in the College and you're participating. The first purpose of every introduction is going to be to herald to the readers that something serious which must be addressed properly in the body of the expression paper. Just ensure that it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. My selection of a pharmaceutical career was certainly not arbitrary. College years are thought to be the best years in an individual's life. The Hidden Facts About Example o f a Term Paper for College Our support staff will steer you through the practice of placing the order on the site. Do research on the topic based on the subject you have identified to discuss in the expression paper, you should proceed to gathering information so as to be more conversant by it. Find out whether there is sufficient info about it. Sooner or later, collect all of your gathered information. Take be aware that although it's supplied for free, you might wind up paying for it if you're idle. There are many places to try to find an excellent sample paper for you work. A prudent student does not need to cover a sample paper. Things You Won't Like About Example of a Term Paper for College and Things You Will You're able to trust our term paper writing service for virtually any college work you've got. TermPaperMonster will aid you with any type of Term Papers you might be having problems with. To get started with assignments and superior essays, with writing servi ce. In the event you may require help on the best way to write a college term paper, do not be afraid to speak to us. Term paper also functions as a tool to check your skills gained from studying. An excellent college term paper starts with the ideal selection of a topic. A college term paper which you've asked us to write will have each of the opportunity to receive revised if you aren't fully pleased with our writing. Top Choices of Example of a Term Paper for College At our site, anyone has an opportunity to purchase college term paper that will boost your grades and also obtain all kinds of the crucial assistance that could ensure you a carefree and pleasant learning practice. Every examples term paper, at our website, is intended to underline the high degree of professionalism which our writers have and to demonstrate their proficiency. Choosing research paper topics for such essays is quite easy but attention have to be given as the ultimate aim is to win the competition. Th us, your organizational skills will be required. If writing a paper gets difficult for you, there are lots of alternatives to acquire reliable assistance. All customized essay papers, written by our crew of professional writers, are wholly guaranteed for customer satisfaction. In any case, it also needs to be one that you're ready to comprehensively explain in the paper. It's quite helpful to read a good example term paper, or two, before you commence writing your own, especially, if they're related or have similar topics. You may also check on the characteristic of the greatest topic for term paper to get to understand the sort of professional services that we're speaking about. If you could have such wants, then you need to not be worried since you're in the correct place because we have the term paper format example that may help you. For that reason, it's crucial that you understand how to always deliver premium quality college term papers so as to be certain of the ver y best end term outcomes. Make the correct choice today by deciding to use our term paper support. The Pain of Example of a Term Paper for College It is essential to begin with an interesting and viable thesis. If you don't remember to reference properly, you could be accused of plagiarism. Example of a Term Paper for College - Dead or Alive? Getting into college is a very big achievement. The work of an outline is to supply a precise plan of how the different parts of your paper is going to be handled in the necessary order. A great way to begin is by producing a compelling and creative title. There are lots of paper templates to pick from, but the majority of the time your instructor will require a particular format for the entire class to follow. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-78132640330590194302020-05-15T22:48:00.001-07:002020-05-15T22:48:11.515-07:00Public Realm Is An Important Factor When Developing Social... We know that a public realm is an important factor when developing social bonds, but what exactly is a public realm? A basic google search of the definition of public realm resulted in this definition; ââ¬Å"any publicly owned streets, pathways, right of ways, parks, publicly accessible open spaces and any public and civic building and facilities.â⬠Lyn Lofland focuses on the benefits of a public realm, by listing six functions performed within the public realm. Those functions being: 1.) An environment of learning, 2.) A place to enjoy respites and refreshments, 3.) A communication center, 4.) A place that allows the practice of politics, 5.) The enactment of social arrangements/social conflicts, and 6.) The creation of cosmopolitans. Through discussion of these functions, we should be able to better understand the public realm and its social values. Utilizing the city/public realm as a learning environment is the first function Lofland expands upon. A child can learn and adap t to the standard social norms by spending time in the public realm. They can acquire the ability to move among crowds, to feel relaxed amongst a diverse group of people, and to relate to those people. While these social skills can be taught within a private realm, they will become much more concrete after a child experiences and utilizes them on a daily basis in the public realm. The second function states that a public realm is a place in which it inhabitants can rest and relax. The development of socialShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Neglect Of The United States That Should Demand Direct Attention Essay1187 Words à |à 5 Pagesyear, and these reports involve more than six million children. Out of four to five children that die daily, 70 percent are under three years of age. There are 90 percent of cases involving of children who know who know their perpetrator. The main factors of child abuse are physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. In many cases involving sexual abuse, there is usually not any medical evidence to be shown, and there are usually not any witness due to the sexual acts taking place in private places. ThatRead MoreHistorical Roots Of The 20th Century1329 Words à |à 6 Pagestraditional norms and loss of religion authority. Social scientists and thinkers of that time reacted to these changes and tried to learn and understand what keeps social groups together and find out potential solutions to the breakdown of social solidarity. Nevertheless, theorists and philosophers of the period of Enlightenment, in the 18th century, helped to build a base for the sociologists of the future. This period was the moment in our history when people were trying to develop new scientific ideologyRead MoreThe Most Powerful Learning Experiences For Me1624 Words à |à 7 PagesParticipations in small in-class groups which purpose was to accomplish a task assigned to us by our Professor, were the most powerful learning experiences for me. In developing common focus, as stated in Gitterman and Germain (2008), members need to establish group rules and also remember to ââ¬Å"build on one anotherââ¬â¢s contributions, identify and focus on salient collective themes, invite expression of differencesâ⬠(p. 174), as well as welcome opinions which are contradictory or different from theRead MoreThe Human Process Of Communication1534 Words à |à 7 Pagesresearch paper explores the contributing factors of marital negotiation, diplomacy and comprehension of relationship elements as well as human discernment skills when approaching marriage and communication pertaining to various cultural views. The Hinduism, Islamic and Christian spiritual cultures are chosen for their comparative and diverse qualities, cited in summation context in this report. The provided data is meant to render a new outlook for developing an effective form of marital intercommunicationRead MoreDoes Every Mother Love Her Child?3307 Words à |à 14 Pagesevent f or many mothers. Society typically paints a glorious picture of new motherhood where the mother instantly experiences a connecting bond with their child however, realistically, not every mother immediately makes this connection with their baby at birth. Is every mother really supposed to immediately love her baby and experience and instant connecting bond? Most would probably answer, yes. The feeling of holding your baby for the first time should feel instant love. Some mothers may even theyRead MoreSmallpox eradication Essay2314 Words à |à 10 Pagesï » ¿Question 2: à Discuss the significant cultural factors that had to be addressed in order for the World Health Organizationââ¬â¢s Smallpox Eradication Campaign to be successful. You need have good understanding of the World Health Organizations smallpox eradication campaign from Curtin and Gaithers book -Internationalà Public Relations to answer this (case study session).à In it you will see how the campaign is used to illustrate different theories covered during the course. Smallpox Eradication CampaignRead MoreLife Behind Women Who Enter Sex Work1793 Words à |à 8 Pagesoccupation developing quickly universal mostly in Sosua. The reasoning behind the study is to discover the dynamics influencing a womanââ¬â¢s choice to enter sex work. I theorize that some women who enter into sex work see sex work as their only choice for survival, cash and select to go into the sex trade; even if itââ¬â¢s out of fear. Even though she has moved into the sex trade out of desperation and unlucky circumstances she is still freely engaging in sex work. There were numerous insistent factors as toRead MoreLove, Sex and Gender in the World Religions Essay4945 Words à |à 20 Pagesglobalization of religions and their resulting encounter with each other, and the second is the need to redefine attitudes toward gender as women have stepped forward to insist that their full humanity be acknowledged in the religious as well as the social realm. In a process begun in the nineteenth century and accelerated in the twentieth, the great religions of the world became truly global in the geographic distribution of their adherents and so began to impact and influence each others adherentsRead MoreWorkplace Health, Safety and Welfare4766 Words à |à 20 Pagesrestaurants, and hotels. Common public-sector workplaces include government offices, schools, and libraries. There are also non-profit workplaces such as hospitals and soup kitchens. In rural areas, a workplace may be a farm or a ranch. The term workplace is also used to describe the work environment in general especially as it relates to the rights and responsibilities of employees and employers. - Workplace should be defined as ââ¬Å"the environment (as place, tools, social connections, physical wellRead MoreDelhi School Of Social Work3112 Words à |à 13 Pages DELHI SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK UNIVERSITY OF DELHI SOCIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT ON SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS ARE UNIVERSAL, SO IS THE DEVIANCE IN THESE INSTITUTIONS NAME- HARMANDEEP SINGH (MA PREVIOUS) SOCIOLOGY Sociology may be defined as: (1) the science of society; (2) the study of human behavior in social context; (3) the study of social interaction and groups; or (4) a systematic understanding of social interactions, organization, and change. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS Social institutions are a system of William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-80212366543527206252020-05-06T17:12:00.001-07:002020-05-06T17:12:07.111-07:00Essay on The Wife of Bath Illustrating Courtly Love In the Middle Ages, when The Canterbury Tales was written, society became captivated by love and the thought of courtly and debonair love was the governing part of all relationships and commanded how love should be conducted. These principles changed literature completely and created a new genre dedicated to brave, valorous knights embarking on noble quests with the intention of some reward, whether that be their life, lover, or any other want. The Canterbury Tales, written in the 14th century by Geoffrey Chaucer, accurately portrays and depicts this type of genre. Containing a collection of stories within the main novel, only one of those stories, entitled ââ¬Å"The Wife of Bathââ¬â¢s Taleâ⬠, truly outlines the 14th century community beliefs onâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Opposers to that belief state that love has always been in literature throughout all eras and a distinction between typical love and courtly love is ridiculous. However, while this may be true, if one wa s to read a tale with courtly love they would be able to instantly recognize the uncommon behaviors of the characters that are in love and that the experience of feeling love is taken to the extreme, beyond other literatureââ¬â¢s definitions of common love. Geoffrey Chaucer, being a writer during the age when courtly love was popular, was influenced by this type of literature and used the techniques of courtly love in many of the conversations and plot lines within the Canterbury Tales. In this tale, the reader is introduced to a belligerent knight in King Arthurââ¬â¢s court who defiles a woman of royalty. This reprehensible act by the knight entirely differs from the actions of a virtuous and respectable knight, consequently suggesting that ethics are not inherited like affluence or oneââ¬â¢s last name. Instead of being punished by death, the knight is sent out by the queen on a quest to find what women really want and love, with the agreement that he has one year and a day to return and only the right answer will spare his life. This is where the expression and meaning of love begins to show divides between separate communities. Along the knightââ¬â¢s quest for the answer he comesShow MoreRelatedThe Variety of Ways in Which Chaucer Treats the Subject of Love1450 Words à |à 6 PagesWrite an essay on the variety of ways in which Chaucer treats the subject of love. Within ten stories in the Canterbury Tales, men and women on the way to, or in marriage provide the ostensible subject, with six tales expounding largely on love and its counterpart in marriage. In comic tales, sexual activity is constantly relished, especially in the Millerââ¬â¢s Tale and the Reeveââ¬â¢s Tale, where love is defined and motivated by animalistic physical desire and relationships clouded with lies William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-30925720436012034302020-05-05T20:48:00.001-07:002020-05-05T20:48:02.457-07:00A History Of Religion In Africa Essay free essay sample , Research Paper Religion in Africa My assignment is to compose about the assorted faiths that are situated in Africa and faiths African-Americans preach. There are many different faiths in Africa because there are assorted parts and states in Africa. Besides Africa and its dwellers have been around for many, many old ages. One ground that there are so many different faiths. The first and most widespread faith I am traveling to speak about is Christianity. Christianity was introduced into Northern Africa in the first century. It subsequently spread to the parts of Ethiopia and Sudan around the 4th century. Christianity was able to last in Ethiopia because of the Coptic Church but in other countries, Islam became more popular. Christian religion was introduced back into Africa with the rise of European abroad enlargement in the 15th century. Christian religion penetrated into Africa on two different channels, the first by the Evangelist St. Mark to Alexandria. From there it spread to take down Egypt and so to Theibad, Upper Egypt and Nubia. It besides penetrated b Roman soldiers and merchandisers. These people brought the Gospel to Carthage where it shortly spread to Proconsular Africa, the Byzacene state and Numidia. Unfortunately, Christianity in Africa was invariably under the onslaught of split and unorthodoxy. Many groups who did this were the Gnostics, Monophysites, Arians, Pelegians, Manicheans, Novatians, and Donatists. These groups divided and enfeebled Christianity. Protestantism has, and still makes considerable attempts to foster their faith in Africa. Almost every state where there is a major Protestant population has taken portion in missional work in Africa. These states are Germany, Norway, Sweden, England, Holland, Switzerland, France, and The United States of America. From Germany, many people of the Berlin Missions traveled to the Orange River Colony, Griqualand, the Transvaal and many other topographic points including the Togoland, the Goldcoast and besides the Zulus. The Swedish are established in the Italian settlement of Erythracea and the Norwegians have an of import mission in Betsileo. The English though, have had a long history of missions in Africa. Some of the more of import 1s are: The London Missionary Society, which was established in 1795. This church was chiefly felt in South Africa with Moffat and Dr. Livingstone. Besides was the Universities Mission Society, which was based in Zanzibar. The Gallic Protestants were successful in the Northeastern Cape Colony, and in the Gallic Congo where the replaced the American Presbyterians in 1892. Lets non bury America though ; the Methodist Episcopal Church, The Baptist church and the Presbyterian Church are all in Africa from America. The Methodists began the settlement of Liberia in 1820 but was merely able to set up a lasting Bishopric there until 1858. The Baptist churchs have missions in Monrovia, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Lagos. Presbyterians are really influential besides. In Egypt about every small town on the Nile is non without one of their schools. In visible radiation of this, you can see that Christian Religions from all parts of the universe flourished in Africa. The 2nd most widespread faith in Africa is Islam. Islam was introduced to Northern Africa in the 7th century. In the undermentioned centuries it spread along the eastern African seashore and into the grasslands of Western Africa. By the twentieth though, Islam had penetrated into the staying parts of Africa. Today, a Mussulman is able to go from Monrovia to Batavia without puting pes on # 8220 ; heathen # 8221 ; dirt. Three stages of Islam enlargement into Africa may be distinguished. The first subdivision is between 638-1050. Between these times, the Arabs spread Islam along the whole Mediterranean seashore, from Egypt to Morocco. In the 9th and 10th centuries though, the enlargement started to hold. Besides there were still Bishops at Carthage, Hippo and Constantine in the 11th century. The 2nd stage was between 1050-1750. One of import thing to cognize from Thursday is stage is that the population of Northern Africa was forced 14 times with force to encompass Islamism and it returned 14 times to its ain faith. The last subdivision of the expansionism of Islam in Africa day of the months to the present clip. Here is an estimation of the figure of Islamic people in different parts of Africa. 4,070,000 in Algeria, 1,500,000 in Tunis, 10,000,000 in Morocco, 6,800,000 in Gallic Western Africa, and 3,000,000 in the Wadai and Sudan. Nudism, Animism and Fetishism are three more faiths found in Africa. Nudism is the worship paid to body natural objects such as the sky, the Moon, the mountains etc. The Hottentots and the Bantu are two such African groups who gave worship to the Moon, the Sun and assorted other objects. Animism is the belief that natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe itself possess psyches. It can be said that Animism is the faith of a great portion of Africa. The Negritos, Hottentots, Bantus of the South and E, many of the Nigritians and most of the Hamites are said to be Animists. They worship neither fetishes, graven images, nor material images. They believe in the endurance of the liquors of the asleep and the demand of honouring them. Fetishism is the belief that an object has cryptic, charming power and has unquestioning fear or devotedness. Anything may go a fetish such as images, castanetss, figures etc. Fetishism is chiefly found in the West. Livingstone one pointed out that it seems that the Africans seem to go more superstitious as you go deeper into the forest state. Fetishism is practically non-existent among the Hottentots, the Nigritians, The Bantus of the E, The Negritos and the Hamites. Another less well-known faith that originated in Africa is Rastafarian. The major belief for Rastafarians is that Haile Selassie is the life God for the black race. Ras Tafari was the old name of Selassie when he was the Emperor of Ethiopia. Selassie was non a Rastafarian but instead a Christian. Although Haile Selassie was reported dead, the Rastafarians do non believe it. The Lion of Judah represents Haile Selassie because the king of beasts is king of all animals as Selassie was the male monarch of all male monarchs to them. Rastafarians do non believe in an hereafter but Africa, Ethiopia specifically is considered Rasta # 8217 ; s heaven on Earth. Rastafarians are vegetarians and wear # 8217 ; t eat anything that has touched chemicals or comes from a can. A Rasta # 8217 ; s hair ( dreadlocks ) symbolizes their roots, contrasting the blond expression of the white adult male. Although there are more faiths present in Africa, we are traveling to look at a subdivision of African and interrupt down its spiritual population. The Ivory Coast is a really profoundly spiritual country. Muslims represent 23 per centum of the population, Christians represent twelve per centum and Animists boast a bulk of 65 per centum of the population. Thirteen per centum of the Ivorian population doesn # 8217 ; t belong to a faith. In Nigeria, about fourty-eight per centum of Nigerias dwellers pattern the Muslim religion and 34 per centum of Nigerians are Christians. The staying 18 per centum of the Nigerian population pattern assorted traditional faiths. In Liberia, approximately 10 per centum of the population are Christians, chiefly Protestant. Twenty per centum of Liberia is Muslim and about 70 per centum follow traditional faiths. In decision, many different types of faith inhabit Africa. Many of these faiths day of the month back far in history and have a widely respected forthcoming. Much of the African population is really spiritual and few do non pattern a belief. Although many faiths, rather a few of the African population still stays with some of its original faiths such as animism, nudism, and fetichism. Although I did non cover all of the faiths I covered a bulk of the chief 1s and saw that Africans, have been profoundly spiritual for many, many centuries. I am happy to state I learned rather a few things about faith in Africa. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-28571699190319156132020-04-15T07:14:00.001-07:002020-04-15T07:14:04.910-07:00About the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)About the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Created under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) functions as a regulatory agency under the U.S. Department of Transportation with a primary mission of ensuring the safety of civil aviation. Civil aviation includes all non-military, private and commercial aviation activities, including aerospace activities. The FAA also works closely with the U.S. military to ensure the safe operation of military aircraft in public airspace across the nation. Primary Responsibilities of the FAA Include: Regulating civil aviation to promote safety within the U.S. and abroad. The FAA exchanges information with foreign aviation authorities; certifies foreign aviation repair shops, air crews, and mechanics; provides technical aid and training; negotiates bilateral airworthiness agreements with other countries; and takes part in international conferences.Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology.Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft.Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics.Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation,Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation. The FAA licenses commercial space launch facilities and private launches of space payloads on expendable launch vehicles. Investigation of aviation incidents, accidents and disasters is conducted by the National Transportation Safety Board, an independent government agency. Organization of the FAAAn administrator manages FAA, assisted by a Deputy Administrator. Five Associate Administrators report to the Administrator and direct the line-of-business organizations that carry out the agencys principle functions. The Chief Counsel and nine Assistant Administrators also report to the Administrator. The Assistant Administrators oversee other key programs such as Human Resources, Budget, and System Safety. We also have nine geographical regions and two major centers, the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center and the William J. Hughes Technical Center. FAA History What would become the FAA was born in 1926 with passage of the Air Commerce Act. The law established the framework of the modern FAA by directing the Cabinet-level Department of Commerce with promoting commercial aviation, issuing and enforcing air traffic rules, licensing pilots, certifying aircraft, establishing airways, and operating and maintaining systems to help pilots navigate the skies. The Commerce Departmentââ¬â¢s new Aeronautics Branch took off, overseeing U.S. aviation for the next eight years. In 1934, the former Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce. In one of its first acts the Bureau worked with a group of airlines to set up the nationââ¬â¢s first air traffic control centers in Newark, New Jersey, Cleveland, Ohio, and Chicago, Illinois. In 1936, the Bureau assumed control of the three centers, thus establishing the concept of federal control over air traffic control operations at major airports. Focus Shifts to Safety In 1938, after a series of high-profile fatal accidents, the federal emphasis shifted to aviation safety with passage of the Civil Aeronautics Act. The law created the politically-independent Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA), with a three-member Air Safety Board. As a forerunner of todayââ¬â¢s National Transportation Safety Board, the Air Safety Board began investigating accidents and recommending how they could be prevented. As a pre-World War II defense measure, the CAA assumed control over air traffic control systems at all airports, including towers at small airports. In the post-war years, the federal government assumed responsibility for air traffic control systems at most airports. On June 30, 1956, a Trans World Airlines Super Constellation and a United Air Lines DC-7 collided over the Grand Canyon killing all 128 people on the two planes. The crash happened on a sunny day with no other air traffic in the area. The disaster, along with the growing use of jet airliners capable of speeds nearing 500 miles per hour, drove a demand for a more unified federal effort to ensure the safety of the flying public. Birth of the FAA On August 23, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Federal Aviation Act, which transferred the old Civil Aeronautics Authoritys functions to a new independent, regulatory Federal Aviation Agency responsible for ensuring the safety of all aspects of non-military aviation. On December 31, 1958, the Federal Aviation Agency began operations with retired Air Force General Elwood Pete Quesada serving as its first administrator. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson, believing a single coordinated system for federal regulation of all modes of land, sea and air transportation was needed, directed Congress to create the cabinet-level Department of Transportation (DOT). On April 1, 1967, the DOT began full operation and immediately changed the name of the old Federal Aviation Agency to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). On the same day, the accident investigation function of the old Air Safety Board was transferred to the new National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-1581260127833431242020-03-12T13:15:00.001-07:002020-03-12T13:15:04.008-07:00Longfellows The Rainy DayLongfellow's 'The Rainy Day' Children across New England are familiar with the works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, whose Paul Reveres Ride has been recited at many a grade school pageant. Longfellow, born in Maine in 1807, became an epic poet of sorts for American history, writing about the American Revolution in the way bards of old wrote about conquests across Europe. The Life of Longfellow Longfellow the second-oldest in a family of eight children, was a teacher at Bowdoin College in Maine, and later at Harvard University. Longfellows first wife Mary died in 1831 following a miscarriage, while they were traveling in Europe. The couple had been married for only four years. He did not write for several years following her death, but she inspired his poem Footsteps of Angels. In 1843, after years of trying to win her over for nearly a decade, Longfellow married his second wife Frances. The two had six children together. During their courtship, Longfellow often walked from his home in Cambridge, crossing the Charles River, to Frances family home in Boston. The bridge he crossed during those walks is now officially known as the Longfellow Bridge. But his second marriage ended in tragedy as well; in 1861 Frances died of burns she suffered after her dress caught fire. Longfellow was himself burned trying to save herà and grew his famous beard to cover the scars left behind on his face. He died in 1882, a month after people around the country celebrated his 75th birthday. Body of Work Longfellows best-known works include epic poems such as The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline, and poetry collections such as Tales of a Wayside Inn. He also wrote well-known ballad-style poems such as The Wreck of the Hesperus, and Endymion. He was the first American writer to translate Dantes Divine Comedy.à Longfellows admirers included President Abraham Lincoln, and fellow writers Charles Dickens and Walt Whitman. Analysis of The Rainy Day This 1842 poem has the famous line Into each life some rain must fall, meaning that everyone will experience difficulty and heartache at some point. The day is a metaphor for life. Written after the death of his first wife and before he married his second wife, The Rainy Day has been interpreted as a deeply personal look into Longfellows psyche and state of mind. Here is the complete text of Henry Wadsworth Longfellows The Rainy Day. The day is cold, and dark, and dreary;It rains, and the wind is never weary;The vine still clings to the moldering wall,But at every gust the dead leaves fall,And the day is dark and dreary.My life is cold, and dark, and dreary;It rains, and the wind is never weary;My thoughts still cling to the moldering Past,But the hopes of youth fall thick in the blastAnd the days are dark and dreary.Be still, sad heart! and cease repining;Behind the clouds is the sun still shining;Thy fate is the common fate of all,Into each life some rain must fall,Some days must be dark and dreary. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-75808764067208301272020-02-25T03:41:00.001-08:002020-02-25T03:41:03.191-08:00Short Report on Current Information Technology (management information EssayShort Report on Current Information Technology (management information system) - Essay Example Discussion of Key Points in the Two Articles, Comparison and Contrast The two articles both make good exposition of the business and technical promises and challenges of cloud computing both for the providers of cloud computing services and infrastructures, such as the Amazon cloud computing offerings, and those of Microsoft. The first article makes a point about the business promise of Amazon cloud services in the long term, pointing out that although the services rack relatively lower sales compared to the more mainstream businesses of Amazon, cloud computing services benefit from having higher profit margins as compared to Amazonââ¬â¢s other offerings. This translates to higher profitability for Amazon and an area that the company can exploit, given that there are few companies with the scale and the customer base, and the necessary long-term vision to execute on a cloud computing strategy and infrastructure, as Amazon does (Oursler, 2013). The second article on the other hand complements the discussion on the more business aspects of cloud computing that the first article focused on, to undertake a more technical discussion on what the components of a cloud computing architecture are, and what the key issues and challenges are relating to the way customers make use and leverage cloud computing for their own particular purposes (Sleit et al., 2013, pp. 35-44). ... While the first article is more oriented towards finance and business types, the second article focuses on the more technical and CIO-type issues relating to cloud computing (Oursler, 2013; Sleit et al., 2013). Going into the details, the first article notes that in reality, of the $61 billion dollars in business that Amazon generates as a whole from all of its businesses, cloud computing revenues is a small part, about five percent of the total revenues of the firm. This means that in all there is a small importance placed right now on the weighting given to the cloud business of the company relative to its other businesses when it comes to putting valuations on the Amazon stock price. These are financial considerations to be sure, but underneath these figures is a vote for Amazonââ¬â¢s technological prowess in the cloud. The article notes too that in a sector that is poised for dramatic growth in the coming years, from a base of $131 billion dollars this year. Amazon has a leadi ng position in this growing sector, with a number of notable accounts that have come to include the CIA. The CIA account for Amazon, in particular, is a vote for the technological capacity of the Amazon cloud services to take on the most complex and the most security-intensive activities. Moreover, given the leading position of Amazon, the article notes that it is in a position to capitalize on its growing technological capabilities to continue to lead the industry in the middle of sustained competition from the likes of Oracle and Hewlett-Packard. To be sure, at present, Amazonââ¬â¢s market share in cloud computing services is said to dwarf the combined shares of the next 14 competitors in the space by a factor of 5. Beyond the numbers, this overwhelming early lead and the quality William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-86319620272890731152020-02-08T20:27:00.001-08:002020-02-08T20:27:02.801-08:00Earthquakes at Home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsEarthquakes at Home - Essay Example There are also some degrees of distribution in the mid-South region, but the principal areas of high risk, which show up red on the map, tend to be located in the equivalent of the states of California, Oregon, and Washington (Science, 2010). These areas also appear to extend into the nation of Mexico. #2 Where I live, in Erie, Pennsylvania, is gray on the map of earthquake risk, meaning it has a low risk (Science, 2010). It is not near any major fault lines, so it is relatively safe from earthquakes. There are occasionally small earthquakes around Erie, but they only extremely rarely get above 3 magnitude, cause any damage, or result in any injury or destruction. #3 The earthquakes around the world seem unevenly distributed according to the map of the last weekââ¬â¢s earthquakes. The predominant amount of earthquakes have occurred in the Pacific Rim; many of these are in East Asia and Southeast Asia (Latest, 2010). This is not surprising to me, because these areas are known to have a high earthquake risk. I have heard a lot about very bad earthquakes happening in Japan and China. #5 I have visited some of the red areas on the map, including spots in California and Mexico. In California, the real estate where I was, is too expensive for me to consider living there. I also do not want to move to Mexico, because I donââ¬â¢t speak fluent Spanish. However, I would be willing to live in a red earthquake risk area, if I had enough income to do so in California or, if I learned Spanish and also had a better job and income, in Mexico. I would assume that especially in the US, architects would have earthquake proofed many buildings. I would be more hesitant in living in a red zone in some country with less advanced building standards. Generally, though, I am a risk taker as a person. I think that no one lives forever, and that none of us are William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-53099497576674220262020-01-30T00:34:00.001-08:002020-01-30T00:34:04.143-08:00Critically review the situation at RestaurantCo Essay Example for Free Critically review the situation at RestaurantCo Essay This essay analyses the case of RestaurantCo, a large non-unionised restaurant company with over 300 branches across the UK, and more than 7000 employed staff members (Suter Marchington 2011). According to Brad and Gold (2012, p.401) the term non-unionised is a ââ¬Ëworkplace, where managers have flexibility in designing work, selecting, promotion and training people, and determining rewards and other human resources (HR) practices.ââ¬â¢ As briefly defined managers carry out many duties and responsibilities for the business. In order to have a better understanding of the role of line managers and employee relations at RestaurantCo it would be necessary to explore and outline the strengths and weaknesses of the company. To be more specific, this essay will explore and outline the main strengths and weaknesses in the working style of branch managers and the structural centralisation within the organisation, the formal and informal employee involvement and participation (EIP) practices, the working relationships between front line managers and employees, and the competitive effectiveness of the organisational HRM system and capability framework for branch managers. This case study of RestaurantCo focuses on the organisational problems that stems from the centralisation of corporate decision making and monitoring. The company regarded itself as a high quality restaurant business with a strong focus on positive employee relations thus reflected in their history of informal employment relations approach (Suter Marchington 2011). However, since the change in ownership the company had to implement new business strategies and HR practices as well as make further enhancements to the restaurant environment. For instance, the changes in the restaurant environment included refurbishments, expanded food and drinks menus, and cost savings by integrating the supply chain with otherà restaurants owned by the group (Suter Marchington 2011). Consequently, some of these changes were seen as quite extensive and problematic for restaurant managers. For instance, some of these organisational changes were somewhat inefficient and costly in terms of deliveries and that mistakes were frequently made in the order and supply of ingredients (Suter Marchington 2011). Managers were no longer able to order directly from suppliers but instead were instructed to direct their orders through the supply chain department, whose understanding of the needs of individual branches were seen as limited (Suter Marchington 2011). There were also additional changes in improving customer service such as the introduction to the ââ¬ËMystery Customerââ¬â¢ initiative (Suter Marchington 2011, p.213). This program initiative was seen as a form of corporate centralised monitoring and control of service, which somewhat contradicts the supposed given autonomy to branch managers. This demonstrates senior management distrust in its branch managersââ¬â¢ abilities to meet or fulfil their duties and responsibilities. This form of control violates the ââ¬Ëpsychological contractââ¬â¢ between the branch managers and employers which is also known as a ââ¬Ëtwo-way exchanged of perceived promises and obligations between employees and their employerââ¬â¢ (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 12). In this case, senior management had infringed on the trust between its branch managers by having a ââ¬Ëcentralised monitoring systemââ¬â¢ in placed to gather customer information and business performance, thus in turn violat ing their psychological contract (Suter Marchington 2011). Consequently, creating a negative ââ¬Ëlow-trust and low-commitmentââ¬â¢ relationship compared to a ââ¬Ëhigh-trust and high-commitmentââ¬â¢ participatory relationship between senior management and branch managers (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 160). Nevertheless, control is seen as somewhat necessary by senior management, but ââ¬Ëtoo much control might be counterproductiveââ¬â¢ (Dant Nasr, 1998, p. 7). Hence, ââ¬Ëexcessive levels of controlââ¬â¢ should be carefully considered as it will ââ¬Ëimpact on business performance levelsââ¬â¢ (Dant Nasr, 1998, p. 7). As stated in Dant and Nasr (1998, p.7) tight control is generally not perceived well by managers who are driven by a strong desire for ââ¬Ëindependence and autonomyââ¬â¢, they may withheld ââ¬Ëauthentic and helpful informationââ¬â¢ from senior management or employers in order to preserve some indirect form of control as they might believe that their input would not be valued or validated. In th is particular case, tight control would lead to less cooperation between branch managers and senior management. Furthermore, feedback from mystery customers to senior management may not be as useful or informative compared to the managersââ¬â¢ vast degree of knowledge and experience regarding its local business restaurant market environment and business performance levels. Rather than just rewarding ââ¬Ëperformance related bonusââ¬â¢ to managers who receive an overall satisfactory rating from mystery customers there should also be incentives or reward schemes in placed for managers who actually provide ââ¬Ëauthentic and helpful informationââ¬â¢ to senior management (Michael, 2002, p. 329). This sort of privileged information could further enhance the organisationââ¬â¢s productivity and performance. For instance, the organisation would have a greater competitive advantage through new strategic opportunities and awareness of new threats as mentioned by itsââ¬â¢ branch managers (Michael, 2002, p. 329). This ââ¬Ëupwardââ¬â¢ flow of information decentralises the tight monitoring and control of senior management but more importantly strengthens the communication, commitment, trust and employee relations between senior management and its branch managers through reciprocal cooperation and reward schemes (Michael, 2002, p. 329). It is crucial in service industries that branch managers be given more autonomy to make operational decisions as their understanding of the business environment surrounding their individual branches is relatively more extensive compare to senior management and management support, who have limited understanding of the business environment. This process is referred to as ââ¬Ëdecentralisationââ¬â¢ (Dant Nasr, 1998). According to Suter and Marchington (2011), each restaurant establishment was usually run by a branch manager and two assistants. The role of supervisory responsibilities was shared between the branch manager and assistant manager due to the long operating hours and the shift system, hence, the manager on duty would take on the role of supervising employees (Suter Marchington 2011). The manager on duty dealt primarily with problems and issues in regards to employees, and that wider issues were assigned to the branch manager. The branch managers in addition carried out a number of HR functions such as employment appraisals, pay reviews, and personal development plans (Suter Marchington 2011). These branch managers had described their work as being more intensified and that the HR policies had become more sophisticated andà formalised (Suter Marchington 2011). Branch managers were supposedly allowed a fair degree of autonomy in how they could manage the restaurant. A key element of the capability framework enabled branch managers to take charge of their own delivery and performance. However, managers experienced great difficulty in making operational decisions regarding their restaurant. Some of the reasons were due to the fact that the management support team were not always readily available to branch managers but also that company-wide operational decisions were being implemented at branch levels, in turn conflicting with branch managersââ¬â¢ operational decisions (Suter Marchington 2011). Branch managers should be provided with support throughout the restaurant operational hours from the management support office except, the restaurant support team operates on a 9-5 office-based workplace arrangement (Suter Marchington 2011). This would lead to significant problems when the restaurant requires assistance after the support office ends operation, therefore causing an inconvenience when decision and support is needed. It might also affect the organisationââ¬â¢s reputation if issues are not promptly resolved. Without proper support and facilitation from the support management team, branch managers are unable to perform their role efficiently. Under the influence of senior management, branch managers were pressured into implementing formal relationship practices with their employees (Suter Marchington 2011). However, one of the core components of a psychological contract is ââ¬Ëworkplace communicationââ¬â¢ which will generally help to minimize the ââ¬Ëfalse consensus effect,ââ¬â¢ meaning that people assume that they share the same perceptions (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 433). For instance, branch managers perceived the restaurant and its employment relations as informal whereas head office had expressed the need for more professional management and more importantly had over-rated the formality of policy implementation at branch level (Suter Marchington 2011). Notably, communication is a significant component of a psychological contrast as it is quite evident that branch managers and senior management had conflicting views on how the restaurant business needed to be operated. Alternatively, It would be beneficial for senior management and branch managers to effectively communicate their views across to one another in order to minimize the ââ¬Ëfalse consensus effectââ¬â¢ (Bratton Gold, 2012, p. 433). Again, to ensure that this can actually happen, senior managementà would need to be more readily available to branch managers and vice versa in order to strengthen the psychological contract between them. According to the branch managers the organisational change brought about more job responsibilities, intensified workload and more expectations from senior management (Suter Marchington 2011). Whilst handling their ââ¬Ësupervisory responsibilitiesââ¬â¢, the dayââ¬âto-day HR functions and operational responsibilities such as ordering and control of stock/supplies, forecasting labour budgets and marketing initiatives were devolved into the roles of branch managers (Suter Marchington 2011). This devolvement of HR functions into the role of branch managers goes beyond the parameters of what is required of branch managers. Despite this, senior management have not provided their branch manager with further additional training in their new responsibilities and duties neither has it been outlined in their legal binding contract. Even though the assistant managers and branch managers shared the same responsibilities of supervising the employees, employees still reported directly to the branch managers (Suter Marchington 2011). Instead of sharing this supervisory responsibility of employees, it would be more efficient and productive to delegate this responsibility to the assistant manager so that branch managers can focus more on the operational responsibilities and HR functions. Another obstacle branch managers had identified was their inability to make operational decisions regarding the day-to-day running of the branch due to the lack of coordination or collaboration in the senior management company-wide operational decision-making process (Suter Marchington 2011). This in effect reinforces senior management distrust in its branch managersââ¬â¢ ability to fulfil their role and therefore, causing resentment and animosity towards senior management from its branch managers. According to Dant and Gundlach (1998, p.37) ââ¬Ëexcessive controls aimed at monitoringââ¬â¢ employees can be costly as it can generate ââ¬Ëmotivational and morale problemsââ¬â¢ among employees. It is important from a management perspective to ââ¬Ëbalance the forces of dependence and autonomyââ¬â¢ within the business in order to maintain ââ¬Ëthe long run viabilityââ¬â¢ of the business organisation (Dant Gundlach, 1998, p. 37). In terms of achieving overall effectiveness senior management need to contribute to a more productive relationship between branch managers and employees in their organisation. Another important aspect to consider isà that the company and branch units have ââ¬Ëcontrasting economic and managerial characteristicsââ¬â¢ (Bradach, 1997, p. 276) whereby, the senior management of the company must meet two key management challenges: ââ¬Ëmaintaining uniformity and system-wide adaptabilityââ¬â¢ (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). With reference to RestaurantCo, units in a chain share a common identity by operating under the RestaurantCo trademark (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). There are five underlying categories of uniformity in an organisation and they are, ââ¬Ëthe line manager, organisational systems, learning culture, role and responsibility and HR department and professionalismââ¬â¢ (Harrison, 2011, p. 921). In order to ââ¬Ëpreserve the integrity and valueââ¬â¢, the company must enforce uniformity across these five underlying categories through bureaucratic control and standardisation (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). Furthermore, in order to ensure the sustainability of the company, it must be able to adapt to the ââ¬Ëopportunities and threatsââ¬â¢ (Bradach, 1997, p. 282). In addition, senior managers must identify and implement system-wide adaptation processes and practices that will fit to some extent across all of the individual branches, except the main challenge of this is to ensure that all the branches move in the same direction. The ââ¬Ëplural formââ¬â¢ model of management proposed by Bradach (1997) can be used to effectively a ddress the uniformity and system-wide adaptability problems. The ââ¬Ëplural formââ¬â¢ consists of four processes which are as followed: ââ¬Ëmodelling process, ratcheting process, socialisation process and mutual learning processââ¬â¢ (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Through these processes the company can pursue greater uniformity and improve system-wide adaptation across the restaurant chains (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). The modelling process is focused on the structural element of the management by increasing the use of common practices across the organisation and the restaurant chains (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). The ratcheting process is part of the control system of management which enables both branch managers and senior managers to influence each other as well as increase the level of uniformity and performance of the chain overall (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). The socialisation process reflects the career path aspect of management, which essentially helps to create a shared understanding of what is required to operate a restaurant, thus will increase the uniformity across the chain (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Lastly, the mutual learning process is also referred to as the strategy makingà process, which focuses on improving the system-wide adaptability by providing ââ¬Ëperformance data and demonstrating new ideas to help persuade branch managers to adopt the proposed system-wide adaptationsââ¬â¢ (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Overall the ââ¬Ëplural formââ¬â¢ is used to overcome some of the control problems associated with managing restaurant branches and maintaining uniformity across the chain (Bradach, 1997). Another important key issue highlighted from this case study is how formal and informal employee involvement and participation (EIP) practices are implemented by management. According to the RestaurantCo capability framework which consisted of eight capabilities, four related specifically to informal EIP (Suter Marchington 2011). EIP is influenced or shaped by four dimensional factors which are, the two type of ââ¬Ëforms of EIPââ¬â¢ (formal and informal EIP), ââ¬Ëdegree of involvement of the employeesââ¬â¢ (ranged from very little to a considerable amount), ââ¬Ëdifferent levels of EIP within the organisationââ¬â¢ (head office to branch level) and ââ¬Ëscope of subject matterââ¬â¢ (long term plans that are central to the organisation and short term issues regarding the restaurant) (Marchington Kynighou, 2012, p. 3338). RestaurantCo depend heavily on their employeesââ¬â¢ interaction with customers, for this reason it is noticeably best to implement informal EIP because their engagement with customers is instrumental to the organisational performance levels and profitability. By using informal EIP branch managers are able to gain employeesââ¬â¢ affective commitment to the organisation (Rodrigues, 1994). Although, branch managers must take into consideration the contextual circumstances in relation to the restaurant and the four contingencies outlined above to assist in determining the appropriate EIP to implement for their given work situation (Rodrigues, 1994). More specifically, formal EIP was utilised in the larger and busier restaurant branches as branch managers had less time to involve employees informally and formal EIP was the most effective way of bringing staff members up to date with important information and news (Suter Marchington 2011). On the other hand, informal EIP was utilised or practised more predominately in the smaller branch restaurants (Suter Marchington 2011). However, effective co-existence of formal and informal EIP is essential for the organisationââ¬â¢s long term sustainability (Denton, 1994). Informality at RestaurantCo is an effective instrument of recognising and managing employee voice (Denton, 1994). Theà role of informality is to give employees an open channel for informal communications with managers, so that they can address their concerns and to give informative feedback on work related issues (Beattie, 2006). The constant changeability and flexibility of the workplace environment, illustrates the need for informal day-to-day communications in comparison to official formalised meetings with employees, which can be more costly and time consuming. Above all, the flexibility and diversity of organisational arrangements in the service industry reinforces the need for the implementation of informal EIP practices (Beattie, 2006). In summary, the RestaurantCo case study illustrated some important strengths and weaknesses in the HR management practices and organisational frameworks. Overall, several weaknesses were identified such as the need for informal relations between line managers and employees, the importance of decentralisation to enable cooperation and collaboration between branch managers and senior management through the ââ¬Ëplural formââ¬â¢ model. Furthermore, it was exemplified that there should be a co-existence and implementation of both formal and informal EIP in the workplace. Evidently, business performance levels can be improved by balancing the dependency and autonomy of branch managers, so that they can efficiently perform to their capabilities. In conclusion, this essay highlighted some positive and negative issues regarding operational responsibilities of senior management and branch managers. References Beattie, RS 2006, Line Managers and Workplace Learning: Learning from the voluntary sector,Human Resource Developmental International, vol.9, no.1, pp. 99-119, viewed 2 Setptember 2013, Ebsco database. Bradach, JL 1997, Using the plural form in the management of restaurant chains, Administrativ.e Science Quarterly, vol.42, no.2, pp. 276-303 viewed 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Bratton, J Gold, J 2012 Human Resource Management: theory and practice, 5th edn, Palgrave Macmillan, London. Dant, RP Gundlach, GT 1998, Dependence in Franchised Channels of Distribution, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 14, pp. 35-67 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Dant, RP Nasr, NI 1998, Control techniques and upward flow of information in franchising in distantà markets:conceptualisation and preliminary evidence, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.13, pp. 3-28 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Denton, DK 1994, Empowerment through Employee Involvement and Participation: Fords Development and Training Programs, Empowerment in Organisations: An International Journal,vol. , no.2, pp. 22-28 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Harrison, P 2011, Perspective on Practice: Learning culture, line managers and HR professional practice,Journal of European Indutrial Training ,vol. 35, no.9, pp. 914-928 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Marchington, M Kynighou, A 2012, The dynamics of employee involvement and participation during turbulent times, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.23, no.16, pp. 3336-3354 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Michael, S C 2002, Can a franchise chain coordinate?, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.17, pp. 325-341 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Rodrigues, CA 1994, Employee Participation and Empowerment Programs: Problems of definition and implementation,Empowerment in Organisations,vol. 2, no.2, pp. 29-40 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Suter, J Marchington, M 2011, ââ¬ËThe role of line managers and employee voice in the restaurant industryââ¬â¢, in T Dundon and A Wilkinson (eds), Case studies in global management: Strategy, innovation and people management, Tilde Press, pp. 212-220 William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-25979496568575563512020-01-21T20:56:00.001-08:002020-01-21T20:56:02.679-08:00The Victorian Education system as presented in Hard Times :: English LiteratureThe Victorian Education system as presented in Hard Times From the early beginnings of Hard Times, we can tell that this novel was originally intended to shock those reading it. The education that these children receive is harsh and designed to stem any feelings of self-opinion. When Gradgrind interrogated 'girl number 20', he proved that their education was more strict and when he later humiliated her when he asked her to describe a horse, he proved that the Victorian education system was solely based on fact and allowed no room for it to be questioned. This was even the case in such incidents as where Sissy states that she would like flowers on her carpets. Gradgrinds' wish to outlaw fancy in her thoughts, mean that at some points during the dialogue, Gradgrind can begin to sound absurd in his words. Dickens heavily objects to the mechanical way of teaching in Gradgrind's utilitarian school. As early as in the second chapter the reader notices that the facts taught in this kind of school have no use at all in normal life. Sissy, with her natural understanding of a horse contradicts the cold definition of a horse by Bitzer: 'Quadruped ....'. What makes that situation worse is that later on, Gradgrind, who takes charge of Sissy's education, forces her from learning on her ability to comprehend that she cannot believe in what she wishes. They are stifled in their environment, prisoners of a world of utilitarianism. Gradgrind's school is very plain and bare, Dickens describing it as a 'monotonous vault', and being 'intensely whitewashed'. For pupils having to learn in this kind of environment would be extremely boring, and no encouragement is given to exercise William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-7888899778285335492020-01-13T17:20:00.001-08:002020-01-13T17:20:04.075-08:00Why Teens Make Bad DecisionsTopic : Why do teens make bad decisions ? Don't be afraid to go after what you want to do, and what you want to be. But don't be afraid to be willing to pay the price. In the last 20 years, the earnings level of dropouts doubled, while it nearly tripled for college graduates. Approximately 4 in 10 young women in the U. S. become pregnant at least once before turning 20 years old. These are perfect examples of bad decisions teens make in life . Teenagers canââ¬â¢t be considered as adults because their lack of maturity and their brain arenââ¬â¢t developed yet .Teens lack their maturity to care of the consequences of there actions . They can get into it from fun , pressure , and being curious/experiment . A part of a teens brain isnââ¬â¢t developed fully so thatââ¬â¢s what makes them stupid . The human brain for females fully develops by the age 19 ââ¬â 21 and for guys itââ¬â¢s 25 . Teenagers usually are not willing to get something from hard work so they find an easy way out of it . Things like smoking , doing drugs , and drinking .Many kids get peer pressure either because thatââ¬â¢s the only choice they have , like in a party they donââ¬â¢t want to feel like a loser or a outcast or because they started hanging out with different people and they happened to do drugs . People are influenced by peers because they want to fit in, be like peers they admire, do what others are doing, or have what others have. Also influence by the way they dress and act, things they're involved in, and the attitudes they show. Not all peer pressure is bad , peers can set good examples for each other .Having peers who are committed to school or doing good in a sport will most likely influence you to do the same . Your peers encourage you to work hard for something you really want . Your friends will be their to listen and support you when your down and upset . Your friends listen and give you their opinion on things . They can also help you make decisions , fr iends often give each other good advice and will be quick to tell you when you might be doing the wrong thing or maybe something risky .Many kids are raised right and taught well but they still do bad decisions due to lack of parenting . When a kid and parents fight that kid has more than enough ââ¬Å"emotional supportâ⬠from the wrong people, who agree with his side of things, outside his family. Bad parenting never helps a child grow into a solid, sensible, teen; but I'm convinced that many, if not most, bad choices teens make are not the result of bad parenting. The goal for parents is to create an environment where teens can trust and learn from .Itââ¬â¢s very important that parents be aware about how they act and feel so that they can talk about the situation appropriately when there dealing with a teenager whose doing bad decisions . Approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people under the age of 18 become regular smokers. One reason often heard from people using drugs is that they do it to make them feel good .Some might light up a cigarette at a party . They might not consider themselves a â⬠smoker â⬠but they do it to feel good or to â⬠look cool â⬠. Some teens might smoke pot in a friends house because they would think its fun . Little did they know that the same effects can occur whether youââ¬â¢re drinking to have fun or drinking to forget a problem whether you're doing drugs to see how they feel or doing them to be one of the crowd . No one wants to be left out.So sometimes they make bad decisions , like taking drugs , to cover up their insecurities. They don't think about how drugs can isolate you from your friends and family. Lots of people turn to drugs for a little excitement because they say thereââ¬â¢s nothing else to do . But people who make these kinds of decisions usually find out that drugs are a waste . Drugs donââ¬â¢t change the situa tion they might make it worse . In addition another reason why teenagers take drugs is because they want to escape and relax .The thing is , the problems are still there and not only do they still have to deal with it , they have to deal with it when theyââ¬â¢re not thinking straight . The number one drug that teens use is marijuana . Anyway it goes in your body will mess up the way your brain works and ability to do good decisions . These bad decisions can involve making sexual choices that are unsafe , saying things your going to regret later . Whats more negative then all of those is that it can effect your memory and your ability to learn .Marijuana affects different people in different ways , but the following short-term effects are common : problems with thinking and solving problems difficulty remembering and learning things altered perception of light, sound and touch clumsiness increased appetite increased heart rate No matter why other people are using it , you donâ⬠â¢t have to join them . Youââ¬â¢re the one that needs to speak up and make smart choices . Many teens make the mistake of giving into their urgues without thinking things through . Sex is more then just a pleasurable act , itââ¬â¢s a risk .Most teens donââ¬â¢t stop to think about having sex . Deciding whether itââ¬â¢s right for you to have sex is one of the most important decisions teens ever have to make . In fact considering some factors both physical ones , like a possibility of becoming pregnant or getting a sexually transmitted disease (STD) . On the other hand some teens who are going out donââ¬â¢t pressure each other about sex , truth is that in many relationships one person wants to have sex but the other one doesnââ¬â¢t .One person in a relationship is more curious and has stronger sexual feelings than the other . As with almost every other major decision in life , teenagers ned to do what is right for them and no one else . Sex should be an expression of love not something a person feels that they must do . If a boyfriend or girlfriend truly love you they wouldnââ¬â¢t pressure you to do something you arenââ¬â¢t ready for yet . Each person must use his or her judgment and decide if itââ¬â¢s the right time and the right person .Alcohol use is very common among teens , especially drinking five or more alcholic beverages over the course of a few hours , itââ¬â¢s dangerous for a teen because it puts them at risk of health problems now and the future . Everyone knows that the legal drinking age throughout the United States is 21. But according to the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse , almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol. When large amounts of alcohol are consumed in a short period of time , alcohol poisoning can result .Some reasons that teens use alcohol and other drugs are : curiosity to feel good , reduce stress , and relax to fit in to feel older Although itââ¬â¢s illegal to buy alcoho l in the united states until 21 , many teens can get access to it . Therefore itââ¬â¢s up to the teen to make the decision about drinking . Teens who drink are likely to get into fights and commit crimes . Teens who drink are more likely to be sexually active and have unprotected sex . Use of alcohol causes the chance that a teen will be involved in a car crash , homicide , or suicide .One thing leads to another and then another and then another. Before you know it , you've made a bad decision based on the bad decision you made before that one . As a teen your trying to find your own place in the world . Making decisions for yourself , those decisions can be good ones or bad . parents canââ¬â¢t sit back and watch you make mistakes to learn from . If your parents think that you are hiding things from them in order to do things they wouldnââ¬â¢t approve .You must behave in an open and honest manner with your parents at all times . You need to give them an idea of how you thin k and behave when there not around . Many teens take their relationships every bit as seriously as adults . Parents need to be positive about the teens friends and get to know them . Like it or not , the teenager friends will be most likely be their strongest influence and support when it comes to dating . Dating helps teenagers to get along with others , communicate , and make decisions .It is an important part of growing up . Here are some teenagers' statistics and facts about sexuality in the United States : Parents rate high among teens as trustworthy and preferred information sources on birth control. Half of teens say they trust their parents for reliable and complete information on birth control. Teens say that parents most influence their decisions about dating and relationships. 89 percent of parents think they've had helpful conversations with their teens about sex.Only 71 percent of teens agree. Body image can be a real problem for every teenager . Body image is a personà ¢â¬â¢s opinion , thoughts , and feelings about their body and physical appearance . Body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look , appreciating your body , and accepting itââ¬â¢s imperfections . So how a teen feels about their body will affect on how they feel about themselves . If the teen gets to focused on not liking the way they look , their self esteem can go down .While it's important to have a positive body image , getting too focused on body image and appearance can cause a teen to overlook the other positive parts of themselves . Teenagers are more worried about body image than the environment , school and peer pressure. Self esteem is all about how much people value themselves , the pride they feel In themselves , and how they feel . Itââ¬â¢s important because feeling good about yourself will affect you on the way that you act . Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves.Thatââ¬â¢s not the right way to so lve your insecuritys about yourself , all you need to do is change the way you see your body and what you think about yourself . Sexually transmitted diseases ( STD ) are infections diseases that spread from person to person . STD can affect guys and girls from all ages who are having sex . If you untreat some STDââ¬â¢s can cause permanent damage like not having a baby or even death . STDââ¬â¢s spread easily because you canââ¬â¢t tell whether someone has it or not .In fact some teens have STDââ¬â¢s and donââ¬â¢t even know it . These teens are in danger of passing the infection to their sex partner without realizing it . Two of the main reasons people are bullied are because of appearance and social status . Bullies pick on people they donââ¬â¢t fit in , maybe because of how they look , how they act , or their race or religion . Teens in a popular group often bully people they think is different by excluding them and talk about them . A lot of bullies have things in common .They like to take over and focus on themselves . They sometimes have no feelings or caring to other people . Bullies put other people down to make themselves feel more powerful . And some bullies act the way they do because theyââ¬â¢ve been hurt by bullies in the past or maybe the bully was in there family like their parents or even another adult . Bullying backfires and makes everyone feel bad and miserable even the bullies themselves . People might feel intimidated by bullies , but they don't respect them. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-91768338382585763112020-01-05T13:44:00.001-08:002020-01-05T13:44:02.628-08:00A Substance Abuse Treatment Facility - 1606 Words Non-Discrimination As a substance abuse treatment facility we are required to protect the fundamental human, civil, constitutional and statutory rights of each client receiving services with us. In accordance with Federal Law and U.S. Department of Agriculture policy, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, creed, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, or disability. Bannock Youth Foundation supports and welcomes opportunities to define the special, unique traditions and rituals of all cultures and will make every effort to support practices that reflect individual belief systems. We will protect the clientââ¬â¢s rights for personal dignity in the provision of all care and treatment and the right to human services, regardless of the source of financial support. Confidentiality Policy The confidentiality of alcohol and drug abuse patient records maintained by this program is protected by Federal law and regulations. Generally, the program may not say to a person outside the program that a patient attends the program, or disclose information identifying a patient as an alcohol or drug abuser, unless: - The patient consents in writing. - The disclosure is allowed by a court order; or - The disclosure is made to medical personnel in a medical emergency or to a qualified personnel for research, audit, or program evaluation. Violation of the Federal law and regulations by a program is a crime. Suspected violations may be reported toShow MoreRelatedTreatment Of Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities1654 Words à |à 7 PagesHistorically, substance abuse issues were thought of as a male problem (Bride 2011). Treatment center programs, methods and models are constructed around the male psychological needs rather than mix-gender needs. Literature shows that 12-step programs, therapy, individual counseling, group therapy and many other models provide to the increase in success stories however there is a lack in research focusing on the needs of the gender individual (Marsh, Cao, Shin 2009). Substance abuse treatment facilitiesRead MoreSubstance Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans895 Words à |à 4 PagesSubstance abuse affects an estimated 25 million Americans. This includes the individual abusing the substance, as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: frie nds and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substance abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults that are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 people under the age 18 (Mental Health America, 2015). Alcoholism relapses are common. AfterRead MoreDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse Essay1451 Words à |à 6 PagesAbstract Approximately eighty percent of the inmates in correctional facilities have problems related to substance abuse. The number of male inmates has increased considerably in the recent years mainly due to a high number arrests and prosecutions that are drug related. Many correctional facilities offer educational and treatment interventions to help them. However, significant gaps remain.The Justiceââ¬â¢s Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring program in the U.S tracks prevalence trends and the type of drugsRead MoreThe Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans844 Words à |à 4 PageslSubstance abuse affects an estimated 25 million Americans. This includes the individual abusing the substance as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: friends and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substance abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults who are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 peop le under the age 18 (Mental Health America, 2015). Alcoholism relapse is common. After completingRead MoreTransitional Housing For Incarcerated Addicts : Analysis1092 Words à |à 5 Pagesin the forensic substance abuse population. I currently live in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, which is a rural county that has extremely limited resources. Within the whole county, there is not a single inpatient residential drug and alcohol treatment facility, and only 2 licensed drug and alcohol outpatient treatment centers, as well as 2 methadone clinics. While treatment is highly important, my intervention plan focuses on the crucial time post-release from prison and/or treatment, where vulnerabilityRead MoreMental Illness Of The Mentally Ill On Deinstitutionalization1514 Words à |à 7 PagesMental illness in America has become an increasingly popular topic of discussion. Rather than being placed in hospitals for treatment, mentally ill individuals are being placed into correctional facilities for their actions. Persons with serious mental ill ness (SMI) such as bi-polar disorder, severe depression, schizophrenia and etc. have trouble within society. Many lack income and stable living arrangements to be able to succeed in the community. Side effects of their illness can enable them toRead MoreOur Traditional Criminal Justice System957 Words à |à 4 Pagesthese issues would be to have more certified substance abuse counselors. Other key factors would be to work on strategies, have key components in place, key partnerships to make the goals attainable, and above all to help the offender/clients (http://www.ncpc.org/topics/drug-abuse/strategies/strategy-substance-abuse-counseling-in-correctional-facilities). I feel that there should be more private and state run facilities that have certified substance abuse counselors. I have three younger sistersRead MoreA Report On Substance Abuse Treatment Essay893 Words à |à 4 Pagesexplains substance abuse treatment which our company SAFE Foundation OP Detoxification and Substance Abuse Treatment Centre treat and educate individuals daily. The Brownsville community is associated with our facility which includes specialized treatment for our patients. Our effective treatment programs focuses on adult and youth, include several different types of interventions simultaneously, and provide intensive treatment. This proposal concludes with comments on improving substance abuse patientsRead MoreSubstance Abuse Treatment Center Of The World798 Words à |à 4 Pagesfoundation of the issue. Here in Florida there many substance abuse treatment facilities, in fact there are so many that Southern Florida is not considered the substance abuse treatment center of the world. This is the description of Southern Florida that was talked about in classrooms, at an undergraduate program at Indian River State College (IRSC) in Fort Pierce Florida. Many time a professor would talk about Southern Florida being the treatment capital of the world, and there was silence in theRead MoreThe Substance Abuse Social Worker1052 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Substance Abuse Social Worker Social workers have long worked with people who abuse substances, beginning in the 1800ââ¬â¢s with sobriety houses and inebriate asylums, to settlement houses in the professionââ¬â¢s beginnings to developing self-help, consumer-driven programs, designing inpatient detoxification programs, and to applying youth-oriented prevention and education programs. As an addictions counselor, the social worker is a part of a specialized profession that began with the wounded healer William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-87282557218536242162019-12-28T10:09:00.001-08:002019-12-28T10:09:02.882-08:00The Short Stories Of An Hour And A Pair Of Silk Stockings The Short Stories of Kate Chopin The short stories, The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings were both written in the 1800 s. The stories are both written by Kate Chopin, a female author. The period in which these stories were written gave impact on other female writers to produce stories too. The literary devices Chopin uses in both these stories show how educated female writers were at the time. The way the author, Kate Chopin, uses many literary devices in her works, The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings, such as location, imagery and characterization. FIrst, Chopin uses location in both of her stories. In The Story of an Hour the location of the short story is in Mrs. Mallards home. After learning of her husbands death, She went away to her room alone (Story 463). Mrs. Mallard was locked away in her room alone with an open window and a roomy arm chair that she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that hauned her body and seem to reach into her soul (St ory 463). According to Hicks, in the overview of The Story of an Hour, the emotion in Mrs. Mallards bedroom is indisputable, the suspension of intelligent thought removes from the reader the need to share in the window s grief and instead allows him or her to remain an onlooker, as eager as Mrs. Mallard to see what was approaching to possess her (2). In A Pair of Silk Stockings Mrs. Sommers was buying expensive clothes for herself in stores, buying nice food atShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour And A Pair Of Silk Stockings By Kate Chopin1057 Words à |à 5 Pageswritings are often based on the effect that the turn of the century had on women, which she best expresses in her two short stories ââ¬Å"The Story of an Hourâ⬠and ââ¬Å"A Pair of Silk Stockingsâ⬠. In both of the stories previously stated, the author gives the audience just enough background on the main characters, both female, and their trapped everyday life; so that throughout each story, the reader can co nnect and better understand the authorââ¬â¢s purpose. By using literary elements, Kate Chopin does an outstandingRead MoreThe Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings Essay example1299 Words à |à 6 Pagesencounter later in life. Realism is represented in Kate Chopins short stories The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings. In both the short stories, the main characters get to face a dream/fantasy that theyââ¬â¢ve always wanted to encounter; something rare that lasted only for a short amount of time. The freedom that each character got was some sort of new freedom that they never experienced before. For example in The Story of an Hour, the main character Louise Mallards is feels oppressed becauseRead MoreEssay on Society vs. Inhibition1235 Words à |à 5 Pagesaddress these questions; specifically, the short stories ââ¬Å"A Pair of Silk Stockingsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Story of an Hourâ⬠give some feedback on the issues of society versus oneââ¬â¢s fre e will and the consequences of oneââ¬â¢s opinions conflicting with the expectations of society. Chopin uses many pressing issues of her era to display how people are punished for rejecting the limiting norms of society in her writings. ââ¬Å"A Pair of Silk Stockingsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Story of an Hourâ⬠both deal with a womanââ¬â¢s traditional roleRead MoreHappy Wife, Happy Life1627 Words à |à 7 Pagesindulge and take part in niceties, even if it was only to go buy a pair of silk stockings. For over two hundred years in America, women did not have a place in literature, both as major characters and as writers. Kate Chopin was a veritable pioneer for many who suffered this very short, unappealing life as housewives who had no way to voice their concerns, and no one to listen to them. In ââ¬Å"The Story of an Hourâ⬠and ââ¬Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings,â⬠Chopin delves into three aspects of being a wife and motherRead MoreConsequenses of Freedom in The St ory of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stocking by Chopin 942 Words à |à 4 Pages In The Story of an Hour and A pair of silk stocking Chopin illustrates how women face the consequences of never acquiring happiness in their lives if they follow the ways society expects them too. In the story of an hour Chopin discuss how getting married can lead you to live a life of anguish. In the beginning of the short story Mrs. Mallard revives terrible news that her husband has been recently killed, she Wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment. This intense reaction is how societyRead MoreFeminism And The Advocacy For Equal Rights1563 Words à |à 7 Pagesissue with a high relevancy to society today. Kate Chopin was the one of the first feminist American authors, and even if she did not have a direct role in the movement itself, she believed in the core principles of it and wrote feministically in her stories. Kate Chopinââ¬â¢s expressive and realistic style was heavily influenced by her exposure to feminine feelings and experiences throughout her lifetime. Chopin led an average life. From an early age, Chopin was surrounded by many strong, independent womenRead MoreA Brief Note On Kate Chopin s Chopin 1642 Words à |à 7 PagesMaddy Mummey Mrs. Corby AP English 12 20 April 2015 Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a successful author of numerous short stories and novels during her life; many critics refer to her as a forerunner author of the 20th century (Kate). Throughout Chopin s life and the many experiences she endured, she grew a great sense of respect and empowerment towards women. However, she is not categorized as a feminist or a suffragist (Kate). Chopin insistently supported the revolutionary notion that women wereRead MoreFeminism Of The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin Essay1199 Words à |à 5 Pagesfeminist or a suffragist, her novel The Awakening, and many of her short stories reflect emerging ideas of feminism. Many of her protagonists are strong women who reject the typical role of a woman during the time period. Her stories tend to focus on women discovering their identity and revolt against social norms. Chopinââ¬â¢s words give a voice to women struggling to find an identity not tied to a man. In Kate Chopinââ¬â¢s Story of an Hour, both ideas of feminism and ideas going against modern feminismRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words à |à 6 PagesComp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R ââ¬â 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopinââ¬â¢s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, which are with few exceptionsRead MoreModern Heroine By Kate Chopin1363 Words à |à 6 Pagesvery famous authors is Kate Chopin. In every short story or novel her main character was a female. Not many writers during the mid to late 19th century were bold enough to address subjects that Chopin took on. Some of Chopinââ¬â¢s work could not be published until years after her death because of the strong themes that she knew would not be accepted in the world she lived in back then but she just wrote life as she saw it. Chopins short stories are all very different but one thing they have William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-13720843594680632642019-12-20T05:57:00.001-08:002019-12-20T05:57:04.095-08:00Analysis Of The Novel Miss Julie - 1436 Words Miss Julie is a naturalistic tragedy, in which Strindberg examines the rigid class structures of 19th century Sweden. His manipulation of the setting and staging to establish the social strata within his play allows both the criticism and reinforcement of the playââ¬â¢s social hierarchy, as well as that of Sweden. This manipulation is further utilised to exhibit the role of the characters, predominantly Miss Julie and Jean, the disparate protagonists, within these strata. Strindberg establishes a single setting, which acts as a platform for sexual and social conflicts. His use of spatial determinism suggests that class divisions are permanent social constructs, which can only be temporarily subverted. The incorporation of epitomic components within the single setting ââ¬â the kitchen and the garden ââ¬â highlights the profound disparity between the aristocracy and the proletariat. The psychological and physical distance at which the lower class is alienated from the upper class is also portrayed through contrasting settings. Thus, Strindbergââ¬â¢s ingenious adaption of mise-en-scà ¨ne in conjunction with the application of a multitude of literary techniques essentially allows the comprehensive exploration of the rigidity of class structures. Strindbergââ¬â¢s utilisation of spatial determinism essentially conveys the inflexible nature of 19th century class structures and emphasises Miss Julieââ¬â¢s powerlessness to subvert her social stereotype permanently. Julieââ¬â¢s physical inability to escape theShow MoreRelatedShirley Jackson Biography Essay1117 Words à |à 5 PagesLeslie Hardie (President of Stecher-Traung Lithograph,Inc.) and Geraldine Bugbee Jackson. Miss Jackson attended the University of Rochester from 1934 to 1936. She graduated with a BA from Syracuse University in 1940. Shortly after graduating, she married Stanley Edgar Hyman, who was a literary critic and was on the faculty of Bennington college.. They moved to Vermont and had four children together. Miss Jackson made her first appearance in The New Yorker in 1943 with a casual sketch After YouRead MoreFiction in Henry James Paste2797 Words à |à 12 PagesFiction in Henry James`s ââ¬Å"Pasteâ⬠Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. American Modernism 4 3. Henry James (1843-1916) 5 4. Paste 8 5. Fiction in Henry James 10 6. Paste analysis 12 6. Conclusion 14 7. Bibliography 15 1. Introduction In my term paper I will primarily discuss Henry James and his short story Paste. Firstly, I will focus on the time he wrote the story and than I will describe his life and his three major writing phrases. Next, I will go on with giving the most importantRead More Freedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God3994 Words à |à 16 Pages38). In illustrating gender roles and the class structure of a black society, author Zora Neale Hurston portrays the changing black society in her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God through characters that follow their dreams, which helps them take possession of their own lives. The role of women in a black society is a major theme of this novel. Many women help demonstrate Hurstons ideas. Hurston uses Janies grandmother, Nanny, to show one extreme of women in a black society, the women whoRead MoreA Soldierââ¬â¢s War2706 Words à |à 11 Pagessubject, until Stephen Craneââ¬â¢s civil war novel, The Red Badge of Courage. Despite Crane having never been in a war zone his publication is considered among the first to capture the potential of the battlefield as a literary backdrop. Further developing the war novel genre, Ernest Hemingway adds what Smith describes as a ââ¬Å"journalistic styleâ⬠to a more modern skeptical outlook on war. Just as Hemingwayââ¬â¢s work provides graphic detail of World War I, Tim Oââ¬â¢Brienââ¬â¢s novels ââ¬Å"[have] become the Vietnam literatureRead MoreImpact of Computer Graphics in Our Daily Life3791 Words à |à 16 PagesComputer Graphics and Architecture: State of the A r t and Outlook for the Future Julie Dorsey Leonard McMillan profession. Computer graphics has revolutionized the drafting process, enabling the rapid entry and modification of designs (see Musachusetts Instbitute o f Technology Figure I). In addition, modeling and rendering systems have proven to be invaluable aids in Introduction the visualization process, allowing designers During the three decades since Ivan to walk through their designs withRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words à |à 30 Pages Bildungsroman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ÃËbà ªldÃÅ Ã
â¹s.à oÃÅ'maà n]; German: novel of formation, education, culture),[a] novel of formation, novel of education,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3]Read MoreThe Between Female And Female Roles3586 Words à |à 15 Pagescompletely original and a fresh contribution to feminist theories, and a powerful and sophisticated alternative to contemporary sex and gender theories. Critics such as Julie Ward (1995) have taken this to mean that ââ¬Å"the physical capacities of either sex gain meaning only when placed in a cultural and historical contextâ⬠This is to miss the point of and to reduce Beauvoirââ¬â¢s claim that the body is a situation back to the more familiar idea that the body is always in a situation. For Beauvoir, these areRead MoreNestles Growth Strategy13648 Words à |à 55 PagesP A R T 4 Case Analysis PA R T O U T L I N E 13. Analyzing Strategic Management Cases 417 Chapter 1 Analyzing Goals and Objectives Chapter 2 Analyzing the External Environment Chapter 4 Assessing Intellectual Capital Strategy Analysis Chapter 3 Analyzing the Internal Environment Chapter 5 Formulating Business-Level Strategies Chapter 9 Implementation: Strategic Controls Chapter 11 Strategic Leadership: Excellence, Ethics and Change Chapter 12 Strategic Leadership: FosteringRead MoreCauses of Loitering Problems10544 Words à |à 43 Pagescommercial space adds to the understanding of adolescence, as it explores â⬠¦ the transition from childhood to adulthoodââ¬â¢ [Valentine 2003 in Kato 2009: 53]. Social networks The use of social networks, mainly Facebook in this case, was observed to be a novel development in the second research phase compared to what we witnessed in the pilot and earlier surveys and observations. The composition of the groups of teenagers at the malls also became changed slightly as teenagers often invited other friendsRead MoreEssay about Gendered Media9688 Words à |à 39 Pagesundesirable. The more powerful, ambitious men occupy themselves with important business deals, exciting adventures, and rescuing dependent females, whom they often then assault sexually. From Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture by Julie T. Wood, Chapter 9, pp. 231-244. 0 1994. Reprinted with permission of Wadsworth Publishing, a division of Thomson Learning. Fax 800-730-2215. 31 T LI Y IIYC~ WI I H MEDIA Other myths about what is standard are similarly fortified by William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-70276517929375479392019-12-12T02:28:00.001-08:002019-12-12T02:28:04.044-08:00Beta Method CAPM Model Question: Describe about the Beta Method for CAPM Model? Answer: Beta Method Various portfolios have been formed as instructed with low beta, medium beta and high beta. These portfolios have been reflected in the attached excel. The requisite returns for the desired period is shown below. The above returns are not in line with the CAPM model and hence raise questions about its overall effectiveness. This is primarily because as per CAPM, the required return on a given stock is directly proportional to the underlying beta that captures the underlying risk of the individual stock. Required return = Risk Free Rate + Beta*Market Risk Premium Hence, for the model to be effective, for all the given mentioned periods the highest return should have been observed for the high beta stocks while lowest should have been observed for the low beta stocks which are comparatively less risky since they are less volatile. Additionally, even though for short periods there may be a deviation but in the long term, the returns should be directly proportional to the underlying beta. However, the returns are not in line with the CAPM model since there is a high degree of variation in the returns derived and no consistent pattern can be obtained. Standard Deviation Method Various portfolios have been formed based on standard deviation approach. Low standard deviation has been taken as deviation of returns lesser than 6% pa Medium standard deviation has been taken as deviation of returns in the range of 6%-10% pa High standard deviation has been taken as deviation of returns in excess of 10% pa The returns of various portfolios formed on the basis of standard deviation approach are summarised in the table below. It is evident from the above that the returns of portfolio comprising of stocks with high standard deviation constantly outperform both those with low standard deviation and medium standard deviation. Further, portfolio of stocks with medium standard deviation tends to outperform the portfolio of stocks with low standard deviation on a sustained basis. Hence, it can be concluded that the returns on the portfolio is directly proportional to the underlying standard deviation of the constituent stocks. Also, it can be concluded that underlying risk seems to be more adequately captured by standard deviation rather than the beta of the stock. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-39251051157921798012019-12-04T14:10:00.001-08:002019-12-04T14:10:02.824-08:00Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction free essay sample Personal Data: Patient: 22 y/o male. A twenty-two year old male left-handed collegiate baseball pitcher throwing in the first game of the season. Durning his first few Florida Southern College which is the smaller bone of the forearm on the same side as the thumb. There are several important ligaments in the elbow. A ligament is a soft tissue structure that connect bones to bones and pitches he ran off the mound and reported having felt a popping sensation in his re located around a joint form a joint capsule. A joint capsule is a throwing arm that was immediately followed by medial elbow pain. We will write a custom essay sample on Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page watertight sac that surrounds a joint and contains lubricating fluid Current Medical History/Chief Complaint: called synovial fluid. In the elbow, the most important ligaments are the ulnar collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament. The A twenty-two year old, collegiate baseball pitcher was injured the home Diagnostic Imaging ulnar collateral ligament is also known as the medial collateral pener of his junior season when he ran off the mound and reported having felt a popping sensation in his throwing arm that was immediately followed by medial elbow pain. The athlete immediately discontinued his throwing session. He was examined on-site by the ligament. The ulnar collateral ligament is on the medial side of the elbow, and the lateral collateral is on the outside. The ulnar collateral ligament is a thick band of ligamentous tissue that forms a certified athletic trainer and two athletic training students. The physical triangular shape along the medial elbow. It has an anterior bundle, xamination noted palpable swelling over the medial aspect of his left posterior bundle, and a thinner, transverse ligament. Together these elbow with tenderness to touch at of the insertion of the the ulnar ligaments, connect the humerus to the ulna and keep it tightly in collateral ligament on the ulna as well as the mid-substance region of the place as it slides through the groove at the end of the humerus. The ligament. The valgus stress test was performed and was positive. Ice was ulnar collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament are the immediately applied to his elbow. MOI: main source of stability for the elbow and can be torn when there is an injury or dislocation of the elbow and if they do not heal properly, the elbow can be too loose or unstable for activity. The the ulnar Physical Signs and Symptoms collateral ligament is most commonly injured by throwing athletes, â⬠¢palpable swelling over the medial aspect of his left elbow with tenderness such as baseball due to overuse and repetitive stress cause by the to touch at of the insertion of the the ulnar collateral ligament on the ulna throwing motion. as well as the mid-substance region of the ligament. atient lying prone, knees are flexed to 90à °; the suspected Relevant Anatomy. The bones of the elbow are the humerus, the ulna, the larger bone of the forearm located on the opposite side of the thumb, and the radius ruptured ankle appered more dorsiflexed when intacted side compared with the Treatment Options Achilles Tendon Rupture Julia Courtney Florida Southern College Introductory Abstract Relevant Anatomy Personal Data: Patient: 48 y/o male. VP of a college. Overall health is good and lives an active lifestyle The Achilles tendon, also referred to as the Calcaneal tendon, is Current Medical History/Chief Complaint: Diagnostic Imaging located on the lower leg posteriorly, originating on the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and inserting at the calcaneus. This A 48 year old male presented with posterior lower leg pain. He was white fibrous cord is the largest, thickest, and most powerful tendon unable to plantar flex reporting that while playing racquetball, he felt a in the body. It connects your calf blow to the back of his calf but both the ball and his opponent were in front of him. He had immediate pain and fell to the ground. The main complaints consisted of feeling a kick or shot directly in the back of the uscles to your heel bone and is essential in the motion of flexion Conservation Surgical talocalcaneal joint located in the 8-12 weeks in a plantar-flexed positioning brace with the dorsiflexion gradually increased which results in the patient in a neutral position by week 12 ankle. When you walk, run, and Repaired intraoperatively followed by casting for 2 weeks, then placed in a planter flexion dial lock brace for the next 4-6 weeks and also gradually brought to a neutral position. Progressively patients activity level is increased; heel lifts can be used Operative Management: f the subtalar joint or calf followed by severe sharp pain and unable to plantar flex his foot and experiences a great deal of pain with an attempt to do so. He is unable to confirm if he heard a loud snap or pop sound after he felt the blow. jump you are using the flexion of Continuous end to end suture, Kessler suture technique. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-44756750212772693472019-11-28T03:45:00.001-08:002019-11-28T03:45:05.124-08:00Othello Play Essays - Othello, Michael Cassio, Iago, Roderigo Othello Play The four main characters in the play Othello represent four different character traits of manhood: Roderigo, the failure; Othello, the hero, yet the insane lover; Cassio, the noblemen; and Iago, the villain, yet the strongest character of the play. Of these four characters Roderigo reveals the weakest character traits. Iago effortlessly profits from Roderigo's deficiency in a intelligence, in fact Iago himself said he would not waste time and effort on"such a snipe"(I iii 387) except for "sport and profit." Towards the end of the play Roderigo reveals some traits that might classify him as a man with a spine. He finally stands up to Iago and threatens to expose the conspiracy against Othello and Cassio, but ultimately his flaws overpower his virtuous traits and he is persuaded by Iago to kill Cassio instead. Likewise, Othello is the tragic hero of the play but his character is also weak. Jealousy is Othello's major downfall. He reveals his insecurities in the scene where he strikes Desdemona and calls her a "devil". Similarly, in the brothel scene, Othello's insecurities arise when he cruelly questions Desdemona. He condemns her as a "simple bawd" and a "whore", which he has no real proof of. Iago also easily manipulates Othello, like Roderigo, throughout the play. Othello is naive. He demonstrates that a few well-placed suggestions can alter his train of thought, such as when Iago was talking to Cassio and made Othello believe that the lieutenant was speaking of Desdemona instead of Bianca. On the whole, Othello was a weak character and a naive man. In contrast, Cassio's character is strong. He spoke about Othello with dignity and grace, which no other character in the play does. Also, Cassio showed extreme loyalty to the Moor. Cassio's only flaw is that he temporarily lost his power of reasoning when he was drunk and let himself be manipulated by Iago. All in all, Cassio is a good example of how a man should act; with dignity and honor. Likewise, Iago's character is also strong. He is an intelligent man as can seen in the soliloquy where he is hatching a plan to frame Cassio "to get his place "(I iii). In the soliloquy Iago's intelligence is revealed in the statement "How, How? - To abuse Othello's ear / That [Cassio] is too familiar with his wife."(I iii 396-39). Iago used his intelligence to think of a plan to frame Cassio and bring down Othello at the same time. Iago is also a confident man. Throughout the soliloquy Iago is confident "That the moor ...Will be tenderly led by the nose./ As asses are " (I iii 401- 404) and will be easily manipulated. However, if Iago had used his good character traits for good he would have been the hero of the play instead of Othello. On the whole, Shakespeare did an excellent job on setting the character traits for the male characters in the play: Roderigo was the "snipe"; Cassio, the noble gentleman; Othello, the fallen "noble Moor"; and Iago, the intelligent, confident and arrogant self-made villain. All the Characters in the play had some good traits but each of them had an appalling attribute that led to their downfall. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-62790396767017310082019-11-24T11:19:00.001-08:002019-11-24T11:19:04.868-08:00Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter CChemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter C Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter C used in chemistry and chemical engineering. C - CarbonC - CelsiusC - Coulomb C - CytosineCa - CalciumCA - Cytric AcidCAB - Cation-Anion BalanceCADS - Chemical Agent Detection SystemCAR - Commercial And ResidentialCAS - Chemical Abstracts ServiceCAW - Catalyst Altered WaterCB - Conduction BandCBA - Cytometric Bead ArrayCBR - Chemical, Biological, RadiologicalCBRE - Chemical, Biological, Radiological ElementCBRN - Chemical, Biological, Radiological, or NuclearCC - Cubic CentimeterCCBA - Chemical Coordinate Bonding and AdsorptionCCL - Contaminant Candidate ListCCS - Carbon Capture StorageCd - CadmiumCDA - Clean Dry AirCDR - Chemical Distribution RoomCDSL - Chemical Data Summary ListCDU - Chemical Dispensing UnitCe - CeriumCE - Chemical EngineeringCEP - Chemical Engineering ProcessCf - CaliforniumCF - Carbon FiberCF - Ceramic FiberCFA - Cetylated Fatty AcidCFC - ChlorofluorocarbonCFRP - Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plasticcg - CentigramCGS - Centimeter, Gram, SecondCHC - Chlorinated HydroCarbonChem - ChemistryCHM - ChemistryCHO - Carbo hydrateCi - CurieCLC - Cross Linked CelluloseCm - Curiumcm - centimeterCML - Chemical Markup LanguageCN - Coordination NumberCN - CyanideCNO - Carbon Nitrogen OxygenCNP - Cyclic Nucleotide PhosphodiesteraseCNT - Carbon NanoTubeCo - CobaltCO - Carbon monoxideCP - Chemically PureCP - Cratine PhosphateCPA - CoPolymer AlloyCPE - Chemical Potential EnergyCr - ChromiumCR - Corrosion ResistantCRAP - Crude Reagent And ProductsCRC - Chemical Rubber CompanyCRT - Cathode Ray TubeCs - CesiumCSAC - Chemical Safety Analysis and ControlCSAD - Cysteine Sulfinic Acid DecarboxylaseCSTR - Continuously Stirred Tank ReactorCu - CopperCVCS - Chemical Volume Control SystemCW - Chemical WarfareCWA - Chemical Warfare Agent William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-72350242162498204362019-11-21T07:16:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:16:10.071-08:00Early Childhood Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsEarly Childhood Education - Essay Example à à à à à à Education must begin in early childhood since the values, attitudes, behaviors and skills acquired in this period have a long lasting impact in the future life of children. ââ¬Å"Early childhood education helps to lay a sound intellectual, psychological, emotional, social and physical foundation for development and lifelong learning. It also has enormous potential in fostering values, attitudes, skills and behaviors that support sustainable development e.g. wise use of resources, cultural diversity, gender equality and democracyâ⬠(Bell, 2009). Thesis Statement: à à à à à à Child Education in the United States is compulsory and it is provided mainly by the public sector. The ages for compulsory education vary from state to state in the US and it usually begins from age four/five and ends at age seventeen/eighteen. Pre-school is the first educational setting for a child. Pre-school education in US commences at an age of four or five and this setting intends to bring out both social and academic outcomes in a child. My thesis statement is that it is during the pre-kindergarten years that a child will discover and explore all the areas of learning and that the education provided in the pre-kindergarten years should be developmentally appropriate in its approach to the curriculum. History:à à à à à à à à An overview of the history of early childhood education shows that there existed a variation in the ages at which children were sent to school. During the early 1900ââ¬â¢s of the US, five or six was the common accepted age for the beginning of formal childhood education at the kindergartens.à Towards the latter half of the twentieth century, an institution named ââ¬ËHead Startââ¬â¢ was created to provide education to the poor and the disadvantaged children. This institution provided pre-school training to these children during their ages of three, four or five. It is believed that it was this institution which became a model for the early childhood education. à à à à à à Project Head Start also was successful in changing the attitude towards young children. Gradually, middle-class Americans began to enroll their children in preschool programs under Project Head Start in order to receive the benefits of early childhood education. This pre-school education was so popular that towards the late 1980ââ¬â¢s, there were about 39.1 percent of children aged three and four who received early education. à à à à à à Though Project Head Start was widely accepted by the Americans, it gradually lost its prominence during the later years. Before Project Head Start, ââ¬Å"infant schools providing education for poor children below the ages of five and six did existed in America, in the early half of the nineteenth centuryâ⬠(Vinovskis, 1993) which were created out of the inspiration from European countries. Infant schools were so popular in 1840ââ¬â¢ s that about 40% of three year olds attended school in Massachusetts. But, since this movement was discouraged by the majority of the society, only a fewer number of children under ages four or five were going to the infant schools in Massachusetts.à The infant schools of the nineteenth William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-84589911354058482642019-11-20T08:46:00.001-08:002019-11-20T08:46:07.317-08:00Intro to Philosophy Karl Marx and Engel's Arguments in the communist EssayIntro to Philosophy Karl Marx and Engel's Arguments in the communist manifesto - Essay Example As its name depicts the book was all about the political ideology of overthrowing the" bourgeois" and bringing the working classes ("the proletariat) to power. This philosophy later came to be viewed as Communism or Marxism. The book was revolutionary where the "proletariat" that is the working classes were asked to Unite based on the ideology of achieving a classless society. This book has been held to be the basis of many political ideologies which later came to form the crux of the socialist/communist revolutions perpetrated by revolutionists like Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin and other political leaders. The Book is not just a political agenda but a basis for a certain economic condition based on the "benefit of the Community" (hence the term Communism). In this way The Communist Manifesto not only discusses the relationship between the Communists' theory of history and the relationship between proletarians and bourgeoisie,(part 1),but goes on to discuss how the communists can help the working classes(proletarians) in part two.However the book has addressed what it calls the shortcomings of previous similar revolutions and why they failed to achieve what they had set out for (Part 3) and last but not the least the book gives guidance on how the Communists should interact with the other political ideologies or parties to promote their own benefit. The Com... Marx and Engel have pointed out how the Class Struggles and suppression of the Proletariat or the working class has to stop because it has crossed all boundaries. They have spoken of the "March in History" triggered by the breaking down of Class relationships due to this increased suppression and the new age of technology particularly the breakdown of feudalism. The conflict of the classes society is thus the Bulwark of the modern Industrial times which are pregnant with change due to the increased damage done by the selfish philosophy of the exploitative concept of Capitalism which denies these suppressed minorities of their rights and offers them little in terms of fair compensation. For Marx and Engel this manifest unfairness will lead to a unique revolution where the tables will turn in favour of the new rulers which will be the previously suppressed working classes. To extinguish any memory or trace of yesteryear's cruelty the concept of private ownership, the root of all evil w ill be destroyed and then nobody will be able to deem themselves superior based on their status and priority. For Marx and Engel this development is unavoidable and will happen regardless of how much the bourgeoisie tries to avoid it.The labour/working class will rise against the ruling class and this problem of inequality might need (at times a bloody) revolution rather than a mere set of slow reforms as the bourgeoisie will always be making excuses to divest the working classes of their rights and compensation aswell as their dignity.As they note in Part one "Bourgeois and Proletarians," The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-60366979642335792052019-11-17T23:54:00.001-08:002019-11-17T23:54:04.780-08:00Tube feeding Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsTube feeding - Annotated Bibliography Example The results of the article show that patients may die or sustain serious injuries when the nurse administering to them loses the nasogastric feeding tube during insertion process or when the patients are using the tubes. The implication of the article is to provide nurses will the knowledge and skill to manage the nasogastric feeding tubes wisely. The purpose of the article was to enlighten the a nurse practitioner as far as feeding tube complication, contemporary feeding tubes, and the use of feeding tubes are concerned, particularly when it comes to the pediatric population. The study primarily depended on literature review with academic databases such as PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL being in use. The study revealed that all children who could not take nutrition through normal or oral means qualified for tube feeding. In addition, the study found out that a nurse practitioner (NP) could use gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tubes, pediatric gastrostomy (G) tubes, and nasogastric (NG) tubes on children. The implication of the research is to inform about how to care for children with enteral feeding tube access and how NPs can handle such patients in their daily routines. The reporter outlines some of the major skepticisms against the feeding tube, particularly as it relates to Parkinsons Patients and aspiration pneumonia. In essence, the reporter cites the views of various experts concerning the contentious topic where some experts allude to the fact that the use of feeding tube can significantly reduce the risk of catching aspiration pneumonia. On the other hand, some experts are opposed to the placement of the device on Parkinsons Patients, arguing that it is highly unlikely to extend the lives of such patients. The implication of this newspaper article is to provide the nurses and public with general and specific information concerning the potent of the feeding tube on Parkinsons and aspiration pneumonia Patients. Tube feeding is important William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6425584137527813633.post-88801745963791731532019-11-15T12:26:00.001-08:002019-11-15T12:26:13.659-08:00Report of Strategic Management Process practiced at JuscoReport of Strategic Management Process practiced at Jusco The strategic management process aims at delineating the organizations strategy. It is defined as the process by which managers make a choice of a set of strategies for the organization to achieve efficient functioning and higher accomplishments. It is a continuous process that appraises the business and industries where organization is involved, evaluates its competitors, defines targets to meet all the present and future challenges and finally assesses each strategy periodicallyà [1]à . Strategic management is a particular course of action that is meant to achieve a corporate goal. By and large, the owners, founders of the company take the first step of the process. They lay down the structure responsible for carrying out several functions such as providing direction and guidance to the employees, setting up measurable goals with defined time spans and designated duties. Planning, budgeting, acquiring resources, maintaining resources and using follow-up techniques to resolve key issues are key elements for managers to know in the strategic management process. Strategic planning came into being years ago as an alternative to then popular tradition of long-range planning. Long-range planning was based on pooling historical data and several market assumptions to chart the direction that an organization should take. Strategic planning on the other hand is more leadership driven and vision-based; leaders decide on principles that guide the organization toward established goalsà [2]à . Strategic management process is defined by four major steps which can be defined as followsà [3]à : Environmental Scanning-à Environmental scanning refers to a process of collecting, scrutinizing and providing information for strategic purposes, analysing the internal and external factors influencing the organization. After gathering the required data, management evaluates it on a continuous basis and strives to improve its resource database. Strategy Formulation-à Strategy formulation is the process of deciding best course of action for accomplishing organizational objectives and hence achieving organizational purpose. After conducting environment scanning, managers at this stage formulate corporate, business and functional strategies. Strategy Implementation-à Strategy implementation implies making the strategy work as intended or putting the organizations chosen strategy into action. Strategy implementation encompasses designing the organizations structure, distributing resources, developing decision making process, and managing human resources. Strategy Evaluation-à Strategy evaluation is the final step of strategy management process. The key strategy evaluation activities are: appraising internal and external factors that are the root of present strategies, measuring performance, and taking remedial / corrective actions. Evaluation makes sure that the organizational strategy as well as its implementation meets the organizational objectives. These components are chronologically carried steps while creating a new strategic management plan. Firms with existing plan in use revert to these steps as per the situations requirement, so as to make essential changes. Components of Strategic Management Process Components of Strategic Management Process 1.1 Environmental Scanning: Internal External Environment Organizational environment consists of both external and internal factors which need to be continually monitored to determine development and forecasts of factors that will influence organizational success.à Environmental scanning refers to possession and utilization of information about occasions, patterns, trends, and relationships within an organizations internal and external environmentà [4]à . It helps the managers to decide the future path of the organization. Scanning must comprehensively identify the threats and opportunities existing in the environment such that efficient strategy which takes advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats can be formulated. Internal analysis of the environmentà is the first step of environment scanning. This primarily includes interaction of employees with other employees, management, manager interaction with other managers and shareholders, access to natural resources, brand awareness, organizational structure, main staff, operational potential, etcà [5]à . Internal environment analysis helps identify strengths and weaknesses within the organization. Most commonly used instruments used for assessment include interviews, surveys, discussions etc. While inà external analysis, three correlated environment are studied and analysed Immediate / Industry environment National environment Broader socio-economic environment / Macro-environment Examining theà industry environmentà involves survey of the competitive structure of the organizations industry, emphasising competitive position of the organization with respect to its main rivals. This includes assessment of the nature, stage, dynamics, history of the industry and the effect of globalisation on competition within the industry. Analysing theà national environmentà involves appraisal of efficacy of national framework in achieving competitive advantage in the global environmentà [6]à . Macro-environmentà analysis includes exploring macro-economic, social, government, legal, technological and international factors that may influence the environment. The analysis of organizations external environment reveals opportunities and threats for the organizationà [7]à . As business becomes more competitive, external environment fluctuates rapidly hence, information from external environment adds crucial elements to the effectiveness of long-term goals and strategies. It becomes indispensable to identify competitors moves and actions in the dynamic environment such that organizations can amend their core competencies and internal environment as per external environment. Strategic managers must not only recognize the present state of the environment and their industry but also be able to predict its future positions. 1.2 Strategy Formulation Strategy formulation refers to the process of choosing the most appropriate course of action for the realization of organizational goals and objectives to fulfil organizational vision.à The process of strategy formulation involves six main steps which can rationally be followed in the following orderà [8]à : Setting Organizations objectives à The key component of any strategy statement is to set the long-term objectives of the organization. Objectives specify the desired end state while strategy stresses upon the means of achieving it. Strategy encompasses both fixation of objectives and definition of the medium to be used to realize those objectives. Thus, strategy is an extensive word which is based on manner of deployment of resources to achieve desired goals. While fixing the organizational objectives, it is essential that the factors which influence the selection of objectives must be analysed before the selection of objectives. Evaluating the Organizational Environment à The next step is to evaluate the general economic and industrial environment in which the organization operates highlighting its competitive position. This generally involves a qualitative and quantitative review of organizations existing product line.à [9]à The aim is to ensure that factors important for competitive success in the market can be discovered such that management can identify and exploit its strengths and weaknesses against those of its competitors. Setting Quantitative Targets à In this step, an organization must fix desired quantitative target values for certain objectives. The idea behind this is to compare with long term customers, so as to evaluate the contribution that might be made by various product zones or operating departments. Aiming in context with the divisional plans à In this step, the contributions made by each department, division, product category within the organization is identified and accordingly strategic planning is done for each sub-unit. This requires a careful analysis of macroeconomic trends. Performance Analysis à Performance analysis includes discovering and analysing the gap between the planned and desired performance. A critical evaluation of the organizations past performance, present condition and the desired future conditions must be done by the organization. This critical evaluation identifies the degree of gap that persists between the actual reality and the long-term aspirations of the organization. An attempt is made by the organization to estimate its probable future condition if the current trends persist. Choice of Strategy à This is the ultimate step in Strategy Formulation where the best course of action is selected after considering organizational goals, organizational strengths, potential and limitations as well as the external opportunities. 1.3 Strategy Implementation Strategy implementation is the translation of chosen strategy into organizational action so as to achieve strategic goals and objectives. Strategy implementation is also defined as the manner in which an organization should develop, utilize, and amalgamate organizational structure, control systems, and culture to follow strategies that lead to competitive advantage and a better performance. Organizational structure allocates special value developing tasks and roles to the employees and states how these tasks and roles can be correlated so as maximize efficiency, quality, and customer satisfaction-the pillars of competitive advantageà [10]à . But, organizational structure is not sufficient in itself to motivate the employees. An organizational control system is also required. This control system equips managers with motivational incentives for employees as well as feedback on employees and organizational performance. Organizational culture refers to the specialized collection of values, attitudes, norms and beliefs shared by organizational members and groups. Following are the mainà steps in implementing a strategyà [11]à : Developing an organization having potential of carrying out strategy successfully Disbursement of abundant resources to strategy-essential activities Creating strategy-encouraging policies Employing best policies and programs for constant improvement Linking reward structure to accomplishment of results Making use of strategic leadership Excellently formulated strategies fail if not properly implemented. Also, it is essential to possess stability between strategy and each organizational dimension such as organizational structure, reward structure, resource-allocation process, etc to ensure efficient strategy implementation. Strategy implementation poses a threat to many managers and employees in an organization as new power relationships are predicted and achieved. New groups (formal as well as informal) are formed whose values, attitudes, beliefs and concerns may not be known. With the change in power and status roles, the managers and employees may employ confrontation behaviourà [12]à . Following are the main differences between Strategy Formulation and Strategy Implementationà [13]à Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Strategy Formulation includes planning and decision-making involved in developing organizations strategic goals and plans. Strategy Implementation involves all those means related to executing the strategic plans. In short, Strategy Formulation isà placing the Forces before the action. In short, Strategy Implementation isà managing forces during the action. Strategy Formulation is anà Entrepreneurial Activityà based on strategic decision-making Strategic Implementation is mainly anà Administrative Taskà based on strategic and operational decisions Strategy Formulation emphasizes onà effectiveness. Strategy Implementation emphasizes onà efficiency. Strategy Formulation is aà rational process. Strategy Implementation is basically anà operational process. Strategy Formulation requires co-ordination among few individuals. Strategy Implementation requires co-ordination among many individuals. Strategy Formulation requires a great deal ofà initiative and logical skills. Strategy Implementation requires specificà motivational and leadership traits. Strategic Formulation precedes Strategy Implementation. Strategy Implementation follows Strategy Formulation. 1.4 Strategy Evaluation Strategic Evaluation is the final phase ofà strategic management. Strategy Evaluation throws light on the efficiency and effectiveness of the comprehensive plans in achieving the desired results as stated during strategy formulation. The management assesses the validity of current strategy in existing environment with respect to dynamic socio-economic, political and technological innovations. The significance of strategy evaluation lies in its capacity to co-ordinate the task performed by managers, groups, departments etc, through control of performance. Strategic Evaluation is significant because of various factors such as developing inputs for new strategic planning, the urge for feedback, appraisal and reward, development of the strategic management process, judging the validity of strategic choice etcà [14]à . The process of Strategy Evaluation consists of following stepsà [15]à : Fixing benchmark of performance à While fixing the benchmark, strategists answer questions such as what benchmarks to set, how to set them and how to express them. In order to determine the benchmark performance to be set, it is essential to discover the special requirements for performing the main task. The performance indicator that best identify and express the special requirements might then be determined to be used for evaluation. The organization can use both quantitative and qualitative criteria for comprehensive assessment of performance. Quantitative criteria include determination of net profit, ROI, earning per share, cost of production, rate of employee turnover etc. Among the Qualitative factors are subjective evaluating factors such as skills and competencies, risk taking potential, flexibility etc. Measurement of performance à The standard performance is a bench mark with which the actual performance is compared. The reporting and communication system help in measuring the performance. If appropriate means are available for measuring the performance and if the standards are set in the right manner, strategy evaluation becomes easier. But various factors such as managers contribution are difficult to measure. Similarly divisional performance is sometimes difficult to measure as compared to individual performance. Thus, variable objectives must be created against which measurement of performance can be done. The measurement must be done at right time for evaluation to meet its purpose. For measuring the performance, financial statements like balance sheet, profit and loss account must be prepared on an annual basis. Analysing Variance à While measuring the actual performance and comparing it with standard performance there may be variances which are further analysed. The strategists must mention the degree of tolerance limits between which the variance between actual and standard performance may be accepted. The positive deviation indicates a better performance but it is quite unusual exceeding the target always. The negative deviation is an issue of concern because it indicates a shortfall in performance. Thus in this case the strategists must discover the causes of deviation and must take corrective action to overcome it. Taking Corrective Action à Once the deviation in performance is identified, it is essential to plan for a corrective action. If the performance is consistently less than the desired performance, the strategists must carry a detailed analysis of the factors responsible for such performance. If the strategists discover that the organizational potential does not match with the performance requirements, then the standards must be lowered. Another rare and drastic corrective action is reformulating the strategy which requires going back to the process of strategic management, reframing of plans according to new resource allocation trend and consequent means going to the beginning point of strategic management process. 2. Strategic Planning Vs Strategic Thinking There has been a lot of research done on strategic planning and strategic thinking but seldom is the contrast explained well enough. Strategic thinking is about coming up with the next big idea. This is not the sole responsibility of any one person. Everybody in the organization from the salesperson who suddenly discovers an untapped market for the product to the business level head who can come up with product modifications and product innovations should ideally be a part of strategic planning process. This process involves intuition and understanding about the process. The outcome more often than not is a vision of direction and not a concrete plan. The strategic planning is a natural progression step after this as explained below. Strategic Planning is articulation, elaboration of strategies that already exist. Planning essentially breaks down an idea or a broad vision into smaller more concrete and clear steps that can be implemented almost automatically. Formal planning is very analytical and depends on rearrangement of established strategies, products and structures. Too much reliance on planning impedes organizational change. We then begin to experience only incremental changes and will miss out on many good opportunities. As a result people have become disillusioned with Planning. Also planning tends to impose too many restrictions on the working of lower level managers by defining everything very precisely. These factors along with the ones listed below led to downfall of strategic planning in its current form. Deterministic Framework Planning borders on being an exact science. It assumes many simplifying assumptions which generally do not hold true in real life. The planning process requires estimates within a very narrow band for it to have any considerable accuracy. But in todays fast changing world it is the one luxury that we do not have. There are too many factors that are changing ranging from technological breakthroughs to governmental regulations to entry of new and powerful competitors. The Silo Syndrome Strategic Planning was generally carried out in the management by exception mode. The top management basically got information from the ground level and developed strategies without consulting anybody at the ground level. This approach generally lacked the soft insights that people in the field develop when they deal with the product which are far more valuable than general theories espoused by the management. The other drawback was the resistance it faced from the lower levels of the organization. They felt that these decisions were being forced on them by the top management and did not like the autocratic form of decision making. Formalization Fallacy Formalization implies a rational sequence from analysis through administrative procedure to eventual action. But good strategies are not always formulated in that order. Most of the radical ideas were stumbled upon by accident. Many times we try things and those experiments that work gradually converge into viable patterns that become strategies. Formal procedures will never be able to predict discontinuities or create novel strategies. These shortcomings led to the decline in popularity for the practice in this form. 2.1 Modus Operandi Based on the above discussion we can broadly divide strategy formulation into two parts namely strategic thinking and strategic planning. The business level managers are ideally positioned to take up the role of strategic thinking because they have the access to soft information from informal sources mostly like grapevine, informal talks with the people on the field. They also have the suitable authority derived from their position to take decisions and provide directions. Once the rough plan has been outlined the planners can take over. This method has some distinct advantages. The planner has the analytical tools and the abilities to give proper shape and form to the outline. The manager also does not generally have the time to break down a plan into finer and actionable sub-plans. 2.2 Advantages of highly evolved plans A well articulated plan can ensure coordination among the various parties involved. This will also help clarifying the roles, responsibilities and interdependencies present. These plans can also be used to gain tangible support from outsiders. Written plans can also be used to inform financiers, government and other stakeholders about the current state of the company. 2.3 Roles of Planners Strategy Finders It is basically the responsibility of the mangers to find out and formulate new strategies. Planners can help the mangers in this regard. Planners can snoop around places to find patterns while eliminating the noise from the data. They could discover new ways of doing things like finding out new markets and also coming up with new products for the existing markets. Analysts Planners also have the responsibility of carrying out analyses of specific issues. Planners are an obvious choice for studying hard data and ensuring that managers consider the results in strategy-making process. This may include industry analyses, competitive analyses, and internal analyses among other things. Catalysts When the planners are donning the role of catalysts they are not a part of the decision making process but they ensure that the right kind of people line managers, business level managers are in charge of this process. Planners in this role help mangers get out of ruts and help them think out of the box. This could be achieved by challenging the conventional wisdom and practices by asking uncomfortable questions about the status quo. Overall strategic management is a process by which the managers along with planners come up with new ideas that help the firms chart their future course of action and stay ahead of the curve. 3. Strategy Development Process at JUSCO The Strategic Planning Process (SPP) at JUSCO is led by the Managing Director along with Senior Leadership Team (SLT), the purpose of which is to collectively establish directions for future success through: Evolving analysis-based Long Term/Short Term plans Setting measurable goals Setting review mechanism to monitor progress and take corrective action SPP has a flow which is aimed at ensuring focus and action ability of strategy. SPP is an enterprise level process comprising of four basic steps: Plan-Develop-Deploy-Review (shown in figure on next page along with the key steps, participants, outputs and timelines). The process includes revisiting Vision, identification of Strategic Direction / Challenges / Advantages / Objectives and Long Term / Short Term plans followed by deployment through Balanced Score Card (BSC) and review. It is supported by data / information gathering and analysis including comparisons with benchmarks / competitors / past performance / targets. Strategy development is a continuous process with strategic directions being reviewed by the Board. In order to formalize directions, SPP is followed annually with inputs, schedule and participation across levels. SPP utilizes inputs from promoters expectations, external environment, other stakeholders, strategic challenges and advantages identified by each businesses / functions, aspirations for each business, process reviews and feedback of internal and external assessments. Through collective discussion in strategy workshops involving SLT, corporate level strategic challenges and advantages are identified. Challenges posed to the organization by various stakeholders are identified collectively in the strategic planning sessions. From the list, strategic challenges are identified which are likely to exert most decisive influence on companys future success. Principle Success Factors (PSF) are then identified which can help the company overcome the strategic challenges. From list of PSFs, competitive differentiators, strategic advantages, core competencies and likely future core competencies. As part of SPP, formulated strategy is syndicated with strategic advisors, consultants and sectorial experts. Strategy is also presented to the Board for its inputs and approval. This brings external perspective, utilizes market standards and helps in validation of potential blind spots identified during SPP. Short-term and long-term planning horizons are 1 year and 4 years respectively. JUSCOs major businesses (Water Services, Power Services, Municipal Solid Waste Management, etc.) are primarily in domain of government and semi government bodies. Reforms have begun in these sectors and are expected to translate into business opportunities. In such a reforming sector, a 4-year time frame allows appropriate assessment of ever-changing market and evolving regulations. First years plan of 4-year horizon is the short term plan, which forms the basis for Annual Business Plan (ABP), thus integrating short-term and long-term planning horizons. These time horizons are reviewed continuously for their adequacy in addressing needs of planning process. SPP has undergone several rounds of Evaluation Improvement (EI) based on the changing environment and needs of the organization. 4. Inputs to Strategic Planning Process Environment Analysis: Environment scanning is done throughout the year, which incorporates analysis conducted by businesses/functions and discussions in reviews. Performance reviews, ABP sessions and Business Excellence assessment feedback help in identifying industry attractiveness, companys SWOT and competitors strength and weaknesses which are used to modify strategies, BSCs and targets. SPP captures information on various factors from internal as well as external sources. Strengths and weaknesses: Gaps in capabilities of resources are assessed to identify training and development, recruitment and organization change needs, IT initiatives, new business opportunities, procurement of equipment, etc. JUSCOs major strength lies in its ability to manage water on river-to-river basis, its understanding of municipal water market which helps in taking risk in emerging market and bidding competitively, urban power distribution and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management. These strengths are used in SPP to identify competitive position leading to direction for growth. Changes in Regulatory Environment: The sectors JUSCO operates in are expected to be under continuous regulatory scrutiny at all times. Interaction with regulatory bodies and consultants, participation in conferences, legal and internal audits help in identifying statutory shifts and legal requirements and ensuring compliance. At the business levels, changes in regulations are closely monitored to enable quick reaction. Opportunities and threats: SPP captures information on emerging opportunities and threats while deciding strategic challenges and accordingly plans are made for timely preparation of organization and capturing these opportunities. Opportunities arising out of reforms in power sector had been exploited by JUSCO previously by acquiring license for Saraikela-Kharsawan district as first parallel power distributor in the country and more such future endeavors are planned. Major shift in Markets Customer preferences: These are identified through interaction with potential customers during business development, industry meets, conferences, customer satisfaction surveys, customer feedbacks, etc. Analysis of marketplace shifts provides inputs for innovating business models, identifying strategic objectives and Long Term/Short Term plans e.g. identifying partners, targeting new market segments and geographies, etc. PPM and SWOT analysis deal with customer, market needs, expectations and opportunities. At business/ functional level, inputs from Customer Complaint Handling Process (CCHP), Customer Satisfaction Survey (CSS) and Customer Visit Report (CVR) are used to evaluate and improve operational effectiveness parameters like cycle time, response time and service quality and also to align capabilities like IT system, HR skills, etc. Major shift in Competitive Environment: As integral part of SPP, information on competition is captured through internal market surveys, win loss analysis, various professional bodies, conferences, publications etc. Information is analyzed to assess competitive strengths, weaknesses, strategies and capabilities and prepare pricing and positioning strategies. This information is also utilized to identify new opportunities and partnership requirements. Major Technological shifts: At corporate level, SPP utilizes analysis of technological shifts to enhance competitiveness, improve services, and identify partnership and competency needs. Recent significant shifts in technologies have been reuse of waste water and desalination of sea water for potable needs. At business/functional level current performance is evaluated for potential improvements through technological up gradation. IT infrastructure improvement/up gradation is based on scalability, responsiveness, accessibility, productivity improvement, etc. Human resource capabilities: HR strengths and weaknesses are evaluated through analysis of employee mix, engagement survey results, leadership perception survey results, skill gap, attrition, etc. Redeploying resources, creation of bench strength, Rewa William Tompkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06981105107954856629noreply@blogger.com0