Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Short Stories Of An Hour And A Pair Of Silk Stockings

The Short Stories of Kate Chopin The short stories, The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings were both written in the 1800 s. The stories are both written by Kate Chopin, a female author. The period in which these stories were written gave impact on other female writers to produce stories too. The literary devices Chopin uses in both these stories show how educated female writers were at the time. The way the author, Kate Chopin, uses many literary devices in her works, The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings, such as location, imagery and characterization. FIrst, Chopin uses location in both of her stories. In The Story of an Hour the location of the short story is in Mrs. Mallards home. After learning of her husbands death, She went away to her room alone (Story 463). Mrs. Mallard was locked away in her room alone with an open window and a roomy arm chair that she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that hauned her body and seem to reach into her soul (St ory 463). According to Hicks, in the overview of The Story of an Hour, the emotion in Mrs. Mallards bedroom is indisputable, the suspension of intelligent thought removes from the reader the need to share in the window s grief and instead allows him or her to remain an onlooker, as eager as Mrs. Mallard to see what was approaching to possess her (2). In A Pair of Silk Stockings Mrs. Sommers was buying expensive clothes for herself in stores, buying nice food atShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour And A Pair Of Silk Stockings By Kate Chopin1057 Words   |  5 Pageswritings are often based on the effect that the turn of the century had on women, which she best expresses in her two short stories â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings†. In both of the stories previously stated, the author gives the audience just enough background on the main characters, both female, and their trapped everyday life; so that throughout each story, the reader can co nnect and better understand the author’s purpose. By using literary elements, Kate Chopin does an outstandingRead MoreThe Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings Essay example1299 Words   |  6 Pagesencounter later in life. Realism is represented in Kate Chopins short stories The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings. In both the short stories, the main characters get to face a dream/fantasy that they’ve always wanted to encounter; something rare that lasted only for a short amount of time. The freedom that each character got was some sort of new freedom that they never experienced before. For example in The Story of an Hour, the main character Louise Mallards is feels oppressed becauseRead MoreEssay on Society vs. Inhibition1235 Words   |  5 Pagesaddress these questions; specifically, the short stories â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† give some feedback on the issues of society versus one’s fre e will and the consequences of one’s opinions conflicting with the expectations of society. Chopin uses many pressing issues of her era to display how people are punished for rejecting the limiting norms of society in her writings. â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† both deal with a woman’s traditional roleRead MoreHappy Wife, Happy Life1627 Words   |  7 Pagesindulge and take part in niceties, even if it was only to go buy a pair of silk stockings. For over two hundred years in America, women did not have a place in literature, both as major characters and as writers. Kate Chopin was a veritable pioneer for many who suffered this very short, unappealing life as housewives who had no way to voice their concerns, and no one to listen to them. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings,† Chopin delves into three aspects of being a wife and motherRead MoreConsequenses of Freedom in The St ory of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stocking by Chopin 942 Words   |  4 Pages In The Story of an Hour and A pair of silk stocking Chopin illustrates how women face the consequences of never acquiring happiness in their lives if they follow the ways society expects them too. In the story of an hour Chopin discuss how getting married can lead you to live a life of anguish. In the beginning of the short story Mrs. Mallard revives terrible news that her husband has been recently killed, she Wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment. This intense reaction is how societyRead MoreFeminism And The Advocacy For Equal Rights1563 Words   |  7 Pagesissue with a high relevancy to society today. Kate Chopin was the one of the first feminist American authors, and even if she did not have a direct role in the movement itself, she believed in the core principles of it and wrote feministically in her stories. Kate Chopin’s expressive and realistic style was heavily influenced by her exposure to feminine feelings and experiences throughout her lifetime. Chopin led an average life. From an early age, Chopin was surrounded by many strong, independent womenRead MoreA Brief Note On Kate Chopin s Chopin 1642 Words   |  7 PagesMaddy Mummey Mrs. Corby AP English 12 20 April 2015 Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a successful author of numerous short stories and novels during her life; many critics refer to her as a forerunner author of the 20th century (Kate). Throughout Chopin s life and the many experiences she endured, she grew a great sense of respect and empowerment towards women. However, she is not categorized as a feminist or a suffragist (Kate). Chopin insistently supported the revolutionary notion that women wereRead MoreFeminism Of The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesfeminist or a suffragist, her novel The Awakening, and many of her short stories reflect emerging ideas of feminism. Many of her protagonists are strong women who reject the typical role of a woman during the time period. Her stories tend to focus on women discovering their identity and revolt against social norms. Chopin’s words give a voice to women struggling to find an identity not tied to a man. In Kate Chopin’s Story of an Hour, both ideas of feminism and ideas going against modern feminismRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesComp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, which are with few exceptionsRead MoreModern Heroine By Kate Chopin1363 Words   |  6 Pagesvery famous authors is Kate Chopin. In every short story or novel her main character was a female. Not many writers during the mid to late 19th century were bold enough to address subjects that Chopin took on. Some of Chopin’s work could not be published until years after her death because of the strong themes that she knew would not be accepted in the world she lived in back then but she just wrote life as she saw it. Chopins short stories are all very different but one thing they have

Friday, December 20, 2019

Analysis Of The Novel Miss Julie - 1436 Words

Miss Julie is a naturalistic tragedy, in which Strindberg examines the rigid class structures of 19th century Sweden. His manipulation of the setting and staging to establish the social strata within his play allows both the criticism and reinforcement of the play’s social hierarchy, as well as that of Sweden. This manipulation is further utilised to exhibit the role of the characters, predominantly Miss Julie and Jean, the disparate protagonists, within these strata. Strindberg establishes a single setting, which acts as a platform for sexual and social conflicts. His use of spatial determinism suggests that class divisions are permanent social constructs, which can only be temporarily subverted. The incorporation of epitomic components within the single setting – the kitchen and the garden – highlights the profound disparity between the aristocracy and the proletariat. The psychological and physical distance at which the lower class is alienated from the upper class is also portrayed through contrasting settings. Thus, Strindberg’s ingenious adaption of mise-en-scà ¨ne in conjunction with the application of a multitude of literary techniques essentially allows the comprehensive exploration of the rigidity of class structures. Strindberg’s utilisation of spatial determinism essentially conveys the inflexible nature of 19th century class structures and emphasises Miss Julie’s powerlessness to subvert her social stereotype permanently. Julie’s physical inability to escape theShow MoreRelatedShirley Jackson Biography Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesLeslie Hardie (President of Stecher-Traung Lithograph,Inc.) and Geraldine Bugbee Jackson. Miss Jackson attended the University of Rochester from 1934 to 1936. She graduated with a BA from Syracuse University in 1940. Shortly after graduating, she married Stanley Edgar Hyman, who was a literary critic and was on the faculty of Bennington college.. They moved to Vermont and had four children together. Miss Jackson made her first appearance in The New Yorker in 1943 with a casual sketch After YouRead MoreFiction in Henry James Paste2797 Words   |  12 PagesFiction in Henry James`s â€Å"Paste† Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. American Modernism 4 3. Henry James (1843-1916) 5 4. Paste 8 5. Fiction in Henry James 10 6. Paste analysis 12 6. Conclusion 14 7. Bibliography 15 1. Introduction In my term paper I will primarily discuss Henry James and his short story Paste. Firstly, I will focus on the time he wrote the story and than I will describe his life and his three major writing phrases. Next, I will go on with giving the most importantRead More Freedom Through the Pursuit of Dreams in Their Eyes Were Watching God3994 Words   |  16 Pages38). In illustrating gender roles and the class structure of a black society, author Zora Neale Hurston portrays the changing black society in her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God through characters that follow their dreams, which helps them take possession of their own lives. The role of women in a black society is a major theme of this novel. Many women help demonstrate Hurstons ideas. Hurston uses Janies grandmother, Nanny, to show one extreme of women in a black society, the women whoRead MoreA Soldier’s War2706 Words   |  11 Pagessubject, until Stephen Crane’s civil war novel, The Red Badge of Courage. Despite Crane having never been in a war zone his publication is considered among the first to capture the potential of the battlefield as a literary backdrop. Further developing the war novel genre, Ernest Hemingway adds what Smith describes as a â€Å"journalistic style† to a more modern skeptical outlook on war. Just as Hemingway’s work provides graphic detail of World War I, Tim O’Brien’s novels â€Å"[have] become the Vietnam literatureRead MoreImpact of Computer Graphics in Our Daily Life3791 Words   |  16 PagesComputer Graphics and Architecture: State of the A r t and Outlook for the Future Julie Dorsey Leonard McMillan profession. Computer graphics has revolutionized the drafting process, enabling the rapid entry and modification of designs (see Musachusetts Instbitute o f Technology Figure I). In addition, modeling and rendering systems have proven to be invaluable aids in Introduction the visualization process, allowing designers During the three decades since Ivan to walk through their designs withRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pages Bildungsroman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbÉ ªldÊŠÅ‹s.Ê oËÅ'maË n]; German: novel of formation, education, culture),[a] novel of formation, novel of education,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3]Read MoreThe Between Female And Female Roles3586 Words   |  15 Pagescompletely original and a fresh contribution to feminist theories, and a powerful and sophisticated alternative to contemporary sex and gender theories. Critics such as Julie Ward (1995) have taken this to mean that â€Å"the physical capacities of either sex gain meaning only when placed in a cultural and historical context† This is to miss the point of and to reduce Beauvoir’s claim that the body is a situation back to the more familiar idea that the body is always in a situation. For Beauvoir, these areRead MoreNestles Growth Strategy13648 Words   |  55 PagesP A R T 4 Case Analysis PA R T O U T L I N E 13. Analyzing Strategic Management Cases 417 Chapter 1 Analyzing Goals and Objectives Chapter 2 Analyzing the External Environment Chapter 4 Assessing Intellectual Capital Strategy Analysis Chapter 3 Analyzing the Internal Environment Chapter 5 Formulating Business-Level Strategies Chapter 9 Implementation: Strategic Controls Chapter 11 Strategic Leadership: Excellence, Ethics and Change Chapter 12 Strategic Leadership: FosteringRead MoreCauses of Loitering Problems10544 Words   |  43 Pagescommercial space adds to the understanding of adolescence, as it explores †¦ the transition from childhood to adulthood’ [Valentine 2003 in Kato 2009: 53]. Social networks The use of social networks, mainly Facebook in this case, was observed to be a novel development in the second research phase compared to what we witnessed in the pilot and earlier surveys and observations. The composition of the groups of teenagers at the malls also became changed slightly as teenagers often invited other friendsRead MoreEssay about Gendered Media9688 Words   |  39 Pagesundesirable. The more powerful, ambitious men occupy themselves with important business deals, exciting adventures, and rescuing dependent females, whom they often then assault sexually. From Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture by Julie T. Wood, Chapter 9, pp. 231-244. 0 1994. Reprinted with permission of Wadsworth Publishing, a division of Thomson Learning. Fax 800-730-2215. 31 T LI Y IIYC~ WI I H MEDIA Other myths about what is standard are similarly fortified by

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Beta Method CAPM Model

Question: Describe about the Beta Method for CAPM Model? Answer: Beta Method Various portfolios have been formed as instructed with low beta, medium beta and high beta. These portfolios have been reflected in the attached excel. The requisite returns for the desired period is shown below. The above returns are not in line with the CAPM model and hence raise questions about its overall effectiveness. This is primarily because as per CAPM, the required return on a given stock is directly proportional to the underlying beta that captures the underlying risk of the individual stock. Required return = Risk Free Rate + Beta*Market Risk Premium Hence, for the model to be effective, for all the given mentioned periods the highest return should have been observed for the high beta stocks while lowest should have been observed for the low beta stocks which are comparatively less risky since they are less volatile. Additionally, even though for short periods there may be a deviation but in the long term, the returns should be directly proportional to the underlying beta. However, the returns are not in line with the CAPM model since there is a high degree of variation in the returns derived and no consistent pattern can be obtained. Standard Deviation Method Various portfolios have been formed based on standard deviation approach. Low standard deviation has been taken as deviation of returns lesser than 6% pa Medium standard deviation has been taken as deviation of returns in the range of 6%-10% pa High standard deviation has been taken as deviation of returns in excess of 10% pa The returns of various portfolios formed on the basis of standard deviation approach are summarised in the table below. It is evident from the above that the returns of portfolio comprising of stocks with high standard deviation constantly outperform both those with low standard deviation and medium standard deviation. Further, portfolio of stocks with medium standard deviation tends to outperform the portfolio of stocks with low standard deviation on a sustained basis. Hence, it can be concluded that the returns on the portfolio is directly proportional to the underlying standard deviation of the constituent stocks. Also, it can be concluded that underlying risk seems to be more adequately captured by standard deviation rather than the beta of the stock.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction free essay sample

Personal Data: Patient: 22 y/o male. A twenty-two year old male left-handed collegiate baseball pitcher throwing in the first game of the season. Durning his first few Florida Southern College which is the smaller bone of the forearm on the same side as the thumb. There are several important ligaments in the elbow. A ligament is a soft tissue structure that connect bones to bones and pitches he ran off the mound and reported having felt a popping sensation in his re located around a joint form a joint capsule. A joint capsule is a throwing arm that was immediately followed by medial elbow pain. We will write a custom essay sample on Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page watertight sac that surrounds a joint and contains lubricating fluid Current Medical History/Chief Complaint: called synovial fluid. In the elbow, the most important ligaments are the ulnar collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament. The A twenty-two year old, collegiate baseball pitcher was injured the home Diagnostic Imaging ulnar collateral ligament is also known as the medial collateral pener of his junior season when he ran off the mound and reported having felt a popping sensation in his throwing arm that was immediately followed by medial elbow pain. The athlete immediately discontinued his throwing session. He was examined on-site by the ligament. The ulnar collateral ligament is on the medial side of the elbow, and the lateral collateral is on the outside. The ulnar collateral ligament is a thick band of ligamentous tissue that forms a certified athletic trainer and two athletic training students. The physical triangular shape along the medial elbow. It has an anterior bundle, xamination noted palpable swelling over the medial aspect of his left posterior bundle, and a thinner, transverse ligament. Together these elbow with tenderness to touch at of the insertion of the the ulnar ligaments, connect the humerus to the ulna and keep it tightly in collateral ligament on the ulna as well as the mid-substance region of the place as it slides through the groove at the end of the humerus. The ligament. The valgus stress test was performed and was positive. Ice was ulnar collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament are the immediately applied to his elbow. MOI: main source of stability for the elbow and can be torn when there is an injury or dislocation of the elbow and if they do not heal properly, the elbow can be too loose or unstable for activity. The the ulnar Physical Signs and Symptoms collateral ligament is most commonly injured by throwing athletes, †¢palpable swelling over the medial aspect of his left elbow with tenderness such as baseball due to overuse and repetitive stress cause by the to touch at of the insertion of the the ulnar collateral ligament on the ulna throwing motion. as well as the mid-substance region of the ligament. atient lying prone, knees are flexed to 90 °; the suspected Relevant Anatomy. The bones of the elbow are the humerus, the ulna, the larger bone of the forearm located on the opposite side of the thumb, and the radius ruptured ankle appered more dorsiflexed when intacted side compared with the Treatment Options Achilles Tendon Rupture Julia Courtney Florida Southern College Introductory Abstract Relevant Anatomy Personal Data: Patient: 48 y/o male. VP of a college. Overall health is good and lives an active lifestyle The Achilles tendon, also referred to as the Calcaneal tendon, is Current Medical History/Chief Complaint: Diagnostic Imaging located on the lower leg posteriorly, originating on the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and inserting at the calcaneus. This A 48 year old male presented with posterior lower leg pain. He was white fibrous cord is the largest, thickest, and most powerful tendon unable to plantar flex reporting that while playing racquetball, he felt a in the body. It connects your calf blow to the back of his calf but both the ball and his opponent were in front of him. He had immediate pain and fell to the ground. The main complaints consisted of feeling a kick or shot directly in the back of the uscles to your heel bone and is essential in the motion of flexion Conservation Surgical talocalcaneal joint located in the 8-12 weeks in a plantar-flexed positioning brace with the dorsiflexion gradually increased which results in the patient in a neutral position by week 12 ankle. When you walk, run, and Repaired intraoperatively followed by casting for 2 weeks, then placed in a planter flexion dial lock brace for the next 4-6 weeks and also gradually brought to a neutral position. Progressively patients activity level is increased; heel lifts can be used Operative Management: f the subtalar joint or calf followed by severe sharp pain and unable to plantar flex his foot and experiences a great deal of pain with an attempt to do so. He is unable to confirm if he heard a loud snap or pop sound after he felt the blow. jump you are using the flexion of Continuous end to end suture, Kessler suture technique.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Othello Play Essays - Othello, Michael Cassio, Iago, Roderigo

Othello Play The four main characters in the play Othello represent four different character traits of manhood: Roderigo, the failure; Othello, the hero, yet the insane lover; Cassio, the noblemen; and Iago, the villain, yet the strongest character of the play. Of these four characters Roderigo reveals the weakest character traits. Iago effortlessly profits from Roderigo's deficiency in a intelligence, in fact Iago himself said he would not waste time and effort on"such a snipe"(I iii 387) except for "sport and profit." Towards the end of the play Roderigo reveals some traits that might classify him as a man with a spine. He finally stands up to Iago and threatens to expose the conspiracy against Othello and Cassio, but ultimately his flaws overpower his virtuous traits and he is persuaded by Iago to kill Cassio instead. Likewise, Othello is the tragic hero of the play but his character is also weak. Jealousy is Othello's major downfall. He reveals his insecurities in the scene where he strikes Desdemona and calls her a "devil". Similarly, in the brothel scene, Othello's insecurities arise when he cruelly questions Desdemona. He condemns her as a "simple bawd" and a "whore", which he has no real proof of. Iago also easily manipulates Othello, like Roderigo, throughout the play. Othello is naive. He demonstrates that a few well-placed suggestions can alter his train of thought, such as when Iago was talking to Cassio and made Othello believe that the lieutenant was speaking of Desdemona instead of Bianca. On the whole, Othello was a weak character and a naive man. In contrast, Cassio's character is strong. He spoke about Othello with dignity and grace, which no other character in the play does. Also, Cassio showed extreme loyalty to the Moor. Cassio's only flaw is that he temporarily lost his power of reasoning when he was drunk and let himself be manipulated by Iago. All in all, Cassio is a good example of how a man should act; with dignity and honor. Likewise, Iago's character is also strong. He is an intelligent man as can seen in the soliloquy where he is hatching a plan to frame Cassio "to get his place "(I iii). In the soliloquy Iago's intelligence is revealed in the statement "How, How? - To abuse Othello's ear / That [Cassio] is too familiar with his wife."(I iii 396-39). Iago used his intelligence to think of a plan to frame Cassio and bring down Othello at the same time. Iago is also a confident man. Throughout the soliloquy Iago is confident "That the moor ...Will be tenderly led by the nose./ As asses are " (I iii 401- 404) and will be easily manipulated. However, if Iago had used his good character traits for good he would have been the hero of the play instead of Othello. On the whole, Shakespeare did an excellent job on setting the character traits for the male characters in the play: Roderigo was the "snipe"; Cassio, the noble gentleman; Othello, the fallen "noble Moor"; and Iago, the intelligent, confident and arrogant self-made villain. All the Characters in the play had some good traits but each of them had an appalling attribute that led to their downfall.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter C

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter C Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter C used in chemistry and chemical engineering. C - CarbonC - CelsiusC - Coulomb C - CytosineCa - CalciumCA - Cytric AcidCAB - Cation-Anion BalanceCADS - Chemical Agent Detection SystemCAR - Commercial And ResidentialCAS - Chemical Abstracts ServiceCAW - Catalyst Altered WaterCB - Conduction BandCBA - Cytometric Bead ArrayCBR - Chemical, Biological, RadiologicalCBRE - Chemical, Biological, Radiological ElementCBRN - Chemical, Biological, Radiological, or NuclearCC - Cubic CentimeterCCBA - Chemical Coordinate Bonding and AdsorptionCCL - Contaminant Candidate ListCCS - Carbon Capture StorageCd - CadmiumCDA - Clean Dry AirCDR - Chemical Distribution RoomCDSL - Chemical Data Summary ListCDU - Chemical Dispensing UnitCe - CeriumCE - Chemical EngineeringCEP - Chemical Engineering ProcessCf - CaliforniumCF - Carbon FiberCF - Ceramic FiberCFA - Cetylated Fatty AcidCFC - ChlorofluorocarbonCFRP - Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plasticcg - CentigramCGS - Centimeter, Gram, SecondCHC - Chlorinated HydroCarbonChem - ChemistryCHM - ChemistryCHO - Carbo hydrateCi - CurieCLC - Cross Linked CelluloseCm - Curiumcm - centimeterCML - Chemical Markup LanguageCN - Coordination NumberCN - CyanideCNO - Carbon Nitrogen OxygenCNP - Cyclic Nucleotide PhosphodiesteraseCNT - Carbon NanoTubeCo - CobaltCO - Carbon monoxideCP - Chemically PureCP - Cratine PhosphateCPA - CoPolymer AlloyCPE - Chemical Potential EnergyCr - ChromiumCR - Corrosion ResistantCRAP - Crude Reagent And ProductsCRC - Chemical Rubber CompanyCRT - Cathode Ray TubeCs - CesiumCSAC - Chemical Safety Analysis and ControlCSAD - Cysteine Sulfinic Acid DecarboxylaseCSTR - Continuously Stirred Tank ReactorCu - CopperCVCS - Chemical Volume Control SystemCW - Chemical WarfareCWA - Chemical Warfare Agent

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Early Childhood Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Early Childhood Education - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Education must begin in early childhood since the values, attitudes, behaviors and skills acquired in this period have a long lasting impact in the future life of children. â€Å"Early childhood education helps to lay a sound intellectual, psychological, emotional, social and physical foundation for development and lifelong learning. It also has enormous potential in fostering values, attitudes, skills and behaviors that support sustainable development e.g. wise use of resources, cultural diversity, gender equality and democracy† (Bell, 2009). Thesis Statement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Child Education in the United States is compulsory and it is provided mainly by the public sector. The ages for compulsory education vary from state to state in the US and it usually begins from age four/five and ends at age seventeen/eighteen. Pre-school is the first educational setting for a child. Pre-school education in US commences at an age of four or five and this setting intends to bring out both social and academic outcomes in a child. My thesis statement is that it is during the pre-kindergarten years that a child will discover and explore all the areas of learning and that the education provided in the pre-kindergarten years should be developmentally appropriate in its approach to the curriculum. History:     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An overview of the history of early childhood education shows that there existed a variation in the ages at which children were sent to school. During the early 1900’s of the US, five or six was the common accepted age for the beginning of formal childhood education at the kindergartens.   Towards the latter half of the twentieth century, an institution named ‘Head Start’ was created to provide education to the poor and the disadvantaged children. This institution provided pre-school training to these children during their ages of three, four or five. It is believed that it was this institution which became a model for the early childhood education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Project Head Start also was successful in changing the attitude towards young children. Gradually, middle-class Americans began to enroll their children in preschool programs under Project Head Start in order to receive the benefits of early childhood education. This pre-school education was so popular that towards the late 1980’s, there were about 39.1 percent of children aged three and four who received early education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though Project Head Start was widely accepted by the Americans, it gradually lost its prominence during the later years. Before Project Head Start, â€Å"infant schools providing education for poor children below the ages of five and six did existed in America, in the early half of the nineteenth century† (Vinovskis, 1993) which were created out of the inspiration from European countries. Infant schools were so popular in 1840’ s that about 40% of three year olds attended school in Massachusetts. But, since this movement was discouraged by the majority of the society, only a fewer number of children under ages four or five were going to the infant schools in Massachusetts.  The infant schools of the nineteenth

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Intro to Philosophy Karl Marx and Engel's Arguments in the communist Essay

Intro to Philosophy Karl Marx and Engel's Arguments in the communist manifesto - Essay Example As its name depicts the book was all about the political ideology of overthrowing the" bourgeois" and bringing the working classes ("the proletariat) to power. This philosophy later came to be viewed as Communism or Marxism. The book was revolutionary where the "proletariat" that is the working classes were asked to Unite based on the ideology of achieving a classless society. This book has been held to be the basis of many political ideologies which later came to form the crux of the socialist/communist revolutions perpetrated by revolutionists like Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin and other political leaders. The Book is not just a political agenda but a basis for a certain economic condition based on the "benefit of the Community" (hence the term Communism). In this way The Communist Manifesto not only discusses the relationship between the Communists' theory of history and the relationship between proletarians and bourgeoisie,(part 1),but goes on to discuss how the communists can help the working classes(proletarians) in part two.However the book has addressed what it calls the shortcomings of previous similar revolutions and why they failed to achieve what they had set out for (Part 3) and last but not the least the book gives guidance on how the Communists should interact with the other political ideologies or parties to promote their own benefit. The Com... Marx and Engel have pointed out how the Class Struggles and suppression of the Proletariat or the working class has to stop because it has crossed all boundaries. They have spoken of the "March in History" triggered by the breaking down of Class relationships due to this increased suppression and the new age of technology particularly the breakdown of feudalism. The conflict of the classes society is thus the Bulwark of the modern Industrial times which are pregnant with change due to the increased damage done by the selfish philosophy of the exploitative concept of Capitalism which denies these suppressed minorities of their rights and offers them little in terms of fair compensation. For Marx and Engel this manifest unfairness will lead to a unique revolution where the tables will turn in favour of the new rulers which will be the previously suppressed working classes. To extinguish any memory or trace of yesteryear's cruelty the concept of private ownership, the root of all evil w ill be destroyed and then nobody will be able to deem themselves superior based on their status and priority. For Marx and Engel this development is unavoidable and will happen regardless of how much the bourgeoisie tries to avoid it.The labour/working class will rise against the ruling class and this problem of inequality might need (at times a bloody) revolution rather than a mere set of slow reforms as the bourgeoisie will always be making excuses to divest the working classes of their rights and compensation aswell as their dignity.As they note in Part one "Bourgeois and Proletarians," The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Tube feeding Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tube feeding - Annotated Bibliography Example The results of the article show that patients may die or sustain serious injuries when the nurse administering to them loses the nasogastric feeding tube during insertion process or when the patients are using the tubes. The implication of the article is to provide nurses will the knowledge and skill to manage the nasogastric feeding tubes wisely. The purpose of the article was to enlighten the a nurse practitioner as far as feeding tube complication, contemporary feeding tubes, and the use of feeding tubes are concerned, particularly when it comes to the pediatric population. The study primarily depended on literature review with academic databases such as PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL being in use. The study revealed that all children who could not take nutrition through normal or oral means qualified for tube feeding. In addition, the study found out that a nurse practitioner (NP) could use gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tubes, pediatric gastrostomy (G) tubes, and nasogastric (NG) tubes on children. The implication of the research is to inform about how to care for children with enteral feeding tube access and how NPs can handle such patients in their daily routines. The reporter outlines some of the major skepticisms against the feeding tube, particularly as it relates to Parkinsons Patients and aspiration pneumonia. In essence, the reporter cites the views of various experts concerning the contentious topic where some experts allude to the fact that the use of feeding tube can significantly reduce the risk of catching aspiration pneumonia. On the other hand, some experts are opposed to the placement of the device on Parkinsons Patients, arguing that it is highly unlikely to extend the lives of such patients. The implication of this newspaper article is to provide the nurses and public with general and specific information concerning the potent of the feeding tube on Parkinsons and aspiration pneumonia Patients. Tube feeding is important

Friday, November 15, 2019

Report of Strategic Management Process practiced at Jusco

Report of Strategic Management Process practiced at Jusco The strategic management process aims at delineating the organizations strategy. It is defined as the process by which managers make a choice of a set of strategies for the organization to achieve efficient functioning and higher accomplishments. It is a continuous process that appraises the business and industries where organization is involved, evaluates its competitors, defines targets to meet all the present and future challenges and finally assesses each strategy periodically  [1]  . Strategic management is a particular course of action that is meant to achieve a corporate goal. By and large, the owners, founders of the company take the first step of the process. They lay down the structure responsible for carrying out several functions such as providing direction and guidance to the employees, setting up measurable goals with defined time spans and designated duties. Planning, budgeting, acquiring resources, maintaining resources and using follow-up techniques to resolve key issues are key elements for managers to know in the strategic management process. Strategic planning came into being years ago as an alternative to then popular tradition of long-range planning. Long-range planning was based on pooling historical data and several market assumptions to chart the direction that an organization should take. Strategic planning on the other hand is more leadership driven and vision-based; leaders decide on principles that guide the organization toward established goals  [2]  . Strategic management process is defined by four major steps which can be defined as follows  [3]  : Environmental Scanning-  Environmental scanning refers to a process of collecting, scrutinizing and providing information for strategic purposes, analysing the internal and external factors influencing the organization. After gathering the required data, management evaluates it on a continuous basis and strives to improve its resource database. Strategy Formulation-  Strategy formulation is the process of deciding best course of action for accomplishing organizational objectives and hence achieving organizational purpose. After conducting environment scanning, managers at this stage formulate corporate, business and functional strategies. Strategy Implementation-  Strategy implementation implies making the strategy work as intended or putting the organizations chosen strategy into action. Strategy implementation encompasses designing the organizations structure, distributing resources, developing decision making process, and managing human resources. Strategy Evaluation-  Strategy evaluation is the final step of strategy management process. The key strategy evaluation activities are: appraising internal and external factors that are the root of present strategies, measuring performance, and taking remedial / corrective actions. Evaluation makes sure that the organizational strategy as well as its implementation meets the organizational objectives. These components are chronologically carried steps while creating a new strategic management plan. Firms with existing plan in use revert to these steps as per the situations requirement, so as to make essential changes. Components of Strategic Management Process Components of Strategic Management Process 1.1 Environmental Scanning: Internal External Environment Organizational environment consists of both external and internal factors which need to be continually monitored to determine development and forecasts of factors that will influence organizational success.  Environmental scanning refers to possession and utilization of information about occasions, patterns, trends, and relationships within an organizations internal and external environment  [4]  . It helps the managers to decide the future path of the organization. Scanning must comprehensively identify the threats and opportunities existing in the environment such that efficient strategy which takes advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats can be formulated. Internal analysis of the environment  is the first step of environment scanning. This primarily includes interaction of employees with other employees, management, manager interaction with other managers and shareholders, access to natural resources, brand awareness, organizational structure, main staff, operational potential, etc  [5]  . Internal environment analysis helps identify strengths and weaknesses within the organization. Most commonly used instruments used for assessment include interviews, surveys, discussions etc. While in  external analysis, three correlated environment are studied and analysed Immediate / Industry environment National environment Broader socio-economic environment / Macro-environment Examining the  industry environment  involves survey of the competitive structure of the organizations industry, emphasising competitive position of the organization with respect to its main rivals. This includes assessment of the nature, stage, dynamics, history of the industry and the effect of globalisation on competition within the industry. Analysing the  national environment  involves appraisal of efficacy of national framework in achieving competitive advantage in the global environment  [6]  . Macro-environment  analysis includes exploring macro-economic, social, government, legal, technological and international factors that may influence the environment. The analysis of organizations external environment reveals opportunities and threats for the organization  [7]  . As business becomes more competitive, external environment fluctuates rapidly hence, information from external environment adds crucial elements to the effectiveness of long-term goals and strategies. It becomes indispensable to identify competitors moves and actions in the dynamic environment such that organizations can amend their core competencies and internal environment as per external environment. Strategic managers must not only recognize the present state of the environment and their industry but also be able to predict its future positions. 1.2 Strategy Formulation Strategy formulation refers to the process of choosing the most appropriate course of action for the realization of organizational goals and objectives to fulfil organizational vision.  The process of strategy formulation involves six main steps which can rationally be followed in the following order  [8]  : Setting Organizations objectives   The key component of any strategy statement is to set the long-term objectives of the organization. Objectives specify the desired end state while strategy stresses upon the means of achieving it. Strategy encompasses both fixation of objectives and definition of the medium to be used to realize those objectives. Thus, strategy is an extensive word which is based on manner of deployment of resources to achieve desired goals. While fixing the organizational objectives, it is essential that the factors which influence the selection of objectives must be analysed before the selection of objectives. Evaluating the Organizational Environment   The next step is to evaluate the general economic and industrial environment in which the organization operates highlighting its competitive position. This generally involves a qualitative and quantitative review of organizations existing product line.  [9]  The aim is to ensure that factors important for competitive success in the market can be discovered such that management can identify and exploit its strengths and weaknesses against those of its competitors. Setting Quantitative Targets   In this step, an organization must fix desired quantitative target values for certain objectives. The idea behind this is to compare with long term customers, so as to evaluate the contribution that might be made by various product zones or operating departments. Aiming in context with the divisional plans   In this step, the contributions made by each department, division, product category within the organization is identified and accordingly strategic planning is done for each sub-unit. This requires a careful analysis of macroeconomic trends. Performance Analysis   Performance analysis includes discovering and analysing the gap between the planned and desired performance. A critical evaluation of the organizations past performance, present condition and the desired future conditions must be done by the organization. This critical evaluation identifies the degree of gap that persists between the actual reality and the long-term aspirations of the organization. An attempt is made by the organization to estimate its probable future condition if the current trends persist. Choice of Strategy   This is the ultimate step in Strategy Formulation where the best course of action is selected after considering organizational goals, organizational strengths, potential and limitations as well as the external opportunities. 1.3 Strategy Implementation Strategy implementation is the translation of chosen strategy into organizational action so as to achieve strategic goals and objectives. Strategy implementation is also defined as the manner in which an organization should develop, utilize, and amalgamate organizational structure, control systems, and culture to follow strategies that lead to competitive advantage and a better performance. Organizational structure allocates special value developing tasks and roles to the employees and states how these tasks and roles can be correlated so as maximize efficiency, quality, and customer satisfaction-the pillars of competitive advantage  [10]  . But, organizational structure is not sufficient in itself to motivate the employees. An organizational control system is also required. This control system equips managers with motivational incentives for employees as well as feedback on employees and organizational performance. Organizational culture refers to the specialized collection of values, attitudes, norms and beliefs shared by organizational members and groups. Following are the main  steps in implementing a strategy  [11]  : Developing an organization having potential of carrying out strategy successfully Disbursement of abundant resources to strategy-essential activities Creating strategy-encouraging policies Employing best policies and programs for constant improvement Linking reward structure to accomplishment of results Making use of strategic leadership Excellently formulated strategies fail if not properly implemented. Also, it is essential to possess stability between strategy and each organizational dimension such as organizational structure, reward structure, resource-allocation process, etc to ensure efficient strategy implementation. Strategy implementation poses a threat to many managers and employees in an organization as new power relationships are predicted and achieved. New groups (formal as well as informal) are formed whose values, attitudes, beliefs and concerns may not be known. With the change in power and status roles, the managers and employees may employ confrontation behaviour  [12]  . Following are the main differences between Strategy Formulation and Strategy Implementation  [13]   Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Strategy Formulation includes planning and decision-making involved in developing organizations strategic goals and plans. Strategy Implementation involves all those means related to executing the strategic plans. In short, Strategy Formulation is  placing the Forces before the action. In short, Strategy Implementation is  managing forces during the action. Strategy Formulation is an  Entrepreneurial Activity  based on strategic decision-making Strategic Implementation is mainly an  Administrative Task  based on strategic and operational decisions Strategy Formulation emphasizes on  effectiveness. Strategy Implementation emphasizes on  efficiency. Strategy Formulation is a  rational process. Strategy Implementation is basically an  operational process. Strategy Formulation requires co-ordination among few individuals. Strategy Implementation requires co-ordination among many individuals. Strategy Formulation requires a great deal of  initiative and logical skills. Strategy Implementation requires specific  motivational and leadership traits. Strategic Formulation precedes Strategy Implementation. Strategy Implementation follows Strategy Formulation. 1.4 Strategy Evaluation Strategic Evaluation is the final phase of  strategic management. Strategy Evaluation throws light on the efficiency and effectiveness of the comprehensive plans in achieving the desired results as stated during strategy formulation. The management assesses the validity of current strategy in existing environment with respect to dynamic socio-economic, political and technological innovations. The significance of strategy evaluation lies in its capacity to co-ordinate the task performed by managers, groups, departments etc, through control of performance. Strategic Evaluation is significant because of various factors such as developing inputs for new strategic planning, the urge for feedback, appraisal and reward, development of the strategic management process, judging the validity of strategic choice etc  [14]  . The process of Strategy Evaluation consists of following steps  [15]  : Fixing benchmark of performance   While fixing the benchmark, strategists answer questions such as what benchmarks to set, how to set them and how to express them. In order to determine the benchmark performance to be set, it is essential to discover the special requirements for performing the main task. The performance indicator that best identify and express the special requirements might then be determined to be used for evaluation. The organization can use both quantitative and qualitative criteria for comprehensive assessment of performance. Quantitative criteria include determination of net profit, ROI, earning per share, cost of production, rate of employee turnover etc. Among the Qualitative factors are subjective evaluating factors such as skills and competencies, risk taking potential, flexibility etc. Measurement of performance   The standard performance is a bench mark with which the actual performance is compared. The reporting and communication system help in measuring the performance. If appropriate means are available for measuring the performance and if the standards are set in the right manner, strategy evaluation becomes easier. But various factors such as managers contribution are difficult to measure. Similarly divisional performance is sometimes difficult to measure as compared to individual performance. Thus, variable objectives must be created against which measurement of performance can be done. The measurement must be done at right time for evaluation to meet its purpose. For measuring the performance, financial statements like balance sheet, profit and loss account must be prepared on an annual basis. Analysing Variance   While measuring the actual performance and comparing it with standard performance there may be variances which are further analysed. The strategists must mention the degree of tolerance limits between which the variance between actual and standard performance may be accepted. The positive deviation indicates a better performance but it is quite unusual exceeding the target always. The negative deviation is an issue of concern because it indicates a shortfall in performance. Thus in this case the strategists must discover the causes of deviation and must take corrective action to overcome it. Taking Corrective Action   Once the deviation in performance is identified, it is essential to plan for a corrective action. If the performance is consistently less than the desired performance, the strategists must carry a detailed analysis of the factors responsible for such performance. If the strategists discover that the organizational potential does not match with the performance requirements, then the standards must be lowered. Another rare and drastic corrective action is reformulating the strategy which requires going back to the process of strategic management, reframing of plans according to new resource allocation trend and consequent means going to the beginning point of strategic management process. 2. Strategic Planning Vs Strategic Thinking There has been a lot of research done on strategic planning and strategic thinking but seldom is the contrast explained well enough. Strategic thinking is about coming up with the next big idea. This is not the sole responsibility of any one person. Everybody in the organization from the salesperson who suddenly discovers an untapped market for the product to the business level head who can come up with product modifications and product innovations should ideally be a part of strategic planning process. This process involves intuition and understanding about the process. The outcome more often than not is a vision of direction and not a concrete plan. The strategic planning is a natural progression step after this as explained below. Strategic Planning is articulation, elaboration of strategies that already exist. Planning essentially breaks down an idea or a broad vision into smaller more concrete and clear steps that can be implemented almost automatically. Formal planning is very analytical and depends on rearrangement of established strategies, products and structures. Too much reliance on planning impedes organizational change. We then begin to experience only incremental changes and will miss out on many good opportunities. As a result people have become disillusioned with Planning. Also planning tends to impose too many restrictions on the working of lower level managers by defining everything very precisely. These factors along with the ones listed below led to downfall of strategic planning in its current form. Deterministic Framework Planning borders on being an exact science. It assumes many simplifying assumptions which generally do not hold true in real life. The planning process requires estimates within a very narrow band for it to have any considerable accuracy. But in todays fast changing world it is the one luxury that we do not have. There are too many factors that are changing ranging from technological breakthroughs to governmental regulations to entry of new and powerful competitors. The Silo Syndrome Strategic Planning was generally carried out in the management by exception mode. The top management basically got information from the ground level and developed strategies without consulting anybody at the ground level. This approach generally lacked the soft insights that people in the field develop when they deal with the product which are far more valuable than general theories espoused by the management. The other drawback was the resistance it faced from the lower levels of the organization. They felt that these decisions were being forced on them by the top management and did not like the autocratic form of decision making. Formalization Fallacy Formalization implies a rational sequence from analysis through administrative procedure to eventual action. But good strategies are not always formulated in that order. Most of the radical ideas were stumbled upon by accident. Many times we try things and those experiments that work gradually converge into viable patterns that become strategies. Formal procedures will never be able to predict discontinuities or create novel strategies. These shortcomings led to the decline in popularity for the practice in this form. 2.1 Modus Operandi Based on the above discussion we can broadly divide strategy formulation into two parts namely strategic thinking and strategic planning. The business level managers are ideally positioned to take up the role of strategic thinking because they have the access to soft information from informal sources mostly like grapevine, informal talks with the people on the field. They also have the suitable authority derived from their position to take decisions and provide directions. Once the rough plan has been outlined the planners can take over. This method has some distinct advantages. The planner has the analytical tools and the abilities to give proper shape and form to the outline. The manager also does not generally have the time to break down a plan into finer and actionable sub-plans. 2.2 Advantages of highly evolved plans A well articulated plan can ensure coordination among the various parties involved. This will also help clarifying the roles, responsibilities and interdependencies present. These plans can also be used to gain tangible support from outsiders. Written plans can also be used to inform financiers, government and other stakeholders about the current state of the company. 2.3 Roles of Planners Strategy Finders It is basically the responsibility of the mangers to find out and formulate new strategies. Planners can help the mangers in this regard. Planners can snoop around places to find patterns while eliminating the noise from the data. They could discover new ways of doing things like finding out new markets and also coming up with new products for the existing markets. Analysts Planners also have the responsibility of carrying out analyses of specific issues. Planners are an obvious choice for studying hard data and ensuring that managers consider the results in strategy-making process. This may include industry analyses, competitive analyses, and internal analyses among other things. Catalysts When the planners are donning the role of catalysts they are not a part of the decision making process but they ensure that the right kind of people line managers, business level managers are in charge of this process. Planners in this role help mangers get out of ruts and help them think out of the box. This could be achieved by challenging the conventional wisdom and practices by asking uncomfortable questions about the status quo. Overall strategic management is a process by which the managers along with planners come up with new ideas that help the firms chart their future course of action and stay ahead of the curve. 3. Strategy Development Process at JUSCO The Strategic Planning Process (SPP) at JUSCO is led by the Managing Director along with Senior Leadership Team (SLT), the purpose of which is to collectively establish directions for future success through: Evolving analysis-based Long Term/Short Term plans Setting measurable goals Setting review mechanism to monitor progress and take corrective action SPP has a flow which is aimed at ensuring focus and action ability of strategy. SPP is an enterprise level process comprising of four basic steps: Plan-Develop-Deploy-Review (shown in figure on next page along with the key steps, participants, outputs and timelines). The process includes revisiting Vision, identification of Strategic Direction / Challenges / Advantages / Objectives and Long Term / Short Term plans followed by deployment through Balanced Score Card (BSC) and review. It is supported by data / information gathering and analysis including comparisons with benchmarks / competitors / past performance / targets. Strategy development is a continuous process with strategic directions being reviewed by the Board. In order to formalize directions, SPP is followed annually with inputs, schedule and participation across levels. SPP utilizes inputs from promoters expectations, external environment, other stakeholders, strategic challenges and advantages identified by each businesses / functions, aspirations for each business, process reviews and feedback of internal and external assessments. Through collective discussion in strategy workshops involving SLT, corporate level strategic challenges and advantages are identified. Challenges posed to the organization by various stakeholders are identified collectively in the strategic planning sessions. From the list, strategic challenges are identified which are likely to exert most decisive influence on companys future success. Principle Success Factors (PSF) are then identified which can help the company overcome the strategic challenges. From list of PSFs, competitive differentiators, strategic advantages, core competencies and likely future core competencies. As part of SPP, formulated strategy is syndicated with strategic advisors, consultants and sectorial experts. Strategy is also presented to the Board for its inputs and approval. This brings external perspective, utilizes market standards and helps in validation of potential blind spots identified during SPP. Short-term and long-term planning horizons are 1 year and 4 years respectively. JUSCOs major businesses (Water Services, Power Services, Municipal Solid Waste Management, etc.) are primarily in domain of government and semi government bodies. Reforms have begun in these sectors and are expected to translate into business opportunities. In such a reforming sector, a 4-year time frame allows appropriate assessment of ever-changing market and evolving regulations. First years plan of 4-year horizon is the short term plan, which forms the basis for Annual Business Plan (ABP), thus integrating short-term and long-term planning horizons. These time horizons are reviewed continuously for their adequacy in addressing needs of planning process. SPP has undergone several rounds of Evaluation Improvement (EI) based on the changing environment and needs of the organization. 4. Inputs to Strategic Planning Process Environment Analysis: Environment scanning is done throughout the year, which incorporates analysis conducted by businesses/functions and discussions in reviews. Performance reviews, ABP sessions and Business Excellence assessment feedback help in identifying industry attractiveness, companys SWOT and competitors strength and weaknesses which are used to modify strategies, BSCs and targets. SPP captures information on various factors from internal as well as external sources. Strengths and weaknesses: Gaps in capabilities of resources are assessed to identify training and development, recruitment and organization change needs, IT initiatives, new business opportunities, procurement of equipment, etc. JUSCOs major strength lies in its ability to manage water on river-to-river basis, its understanding of municipal water market which helps in taking risk in emerging market and bidding competitively, urban power distribution and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management. These strengths are used in SPP to identify competitive position leading to direction for growth. Changes in Regulatory Environment: The sectors JUSCO operates in are expected to be under continuous regulatory scrutiny at all times. Interaction with regulatory bodies and consultants, participation in conferences, legal and internal audits help in identifying statutory shifts and legal requirements and ensuring compliance. At the business levels, changes in regulations are closely monitored to enable quick reaction. Opportunities and threats: SPP captures information on emerging opportunities and threats while deciding strategic challenges and accordingly plans are made for timely preparation of organization and capturing these opportunities. Opportunities arising out of reforms in power sector had been exploited by JUSCO previously by acquiring license for Saraikela-Kharsawan district as first parallel power distributor in the country and more such future endeavors are planned. Major shift in Markets Customer preferences: These are identified through interaction with potential customers during business development, industry meets, conferences, customer satisfaction surveys, customer feedbacks, etc. Analysis of marketplace shifts provides inputs for innovating business models, identifying strategic objectives and Long Term/Short Term plans e.g. identifying partners, targeting new market segments and geographies, etc. PPM and SWOT analysis deal with customer, market needs, expectations and opportunities. At business/ functional level, inputs from Customer Complaint Handling Process (CCHP), Customer Satisfaction Survey (CSS) and Customer Visit Report (CVR) are used to evaluate and improve operational effectiveness parameters like cycle time, response time and service quality and also to align capabilities like IT system, HR skills, etc. Major shift in Competitive Environment: As integral part of SPP, information on competition is captured through internal market surveys, win loss analysis, various professional bodies, conferences, publications etc. Information is analyzed to assess competitive strengths, weaknesses, strategies and capabilities and prepare pricing and positioning strategies. This information is also utilized to identify new opportunities and partnership requirements. Major Technological shifts: At corporate level, SPP utilizes analysis of technological shifts to enhance competitiveness, improve services, and identify partnership and competency needs. Recent significant shifts in technologies have been reuse of waste water and desalination of sea water for potable needs. At business/functional level current performance is evaluated for potential improvements through technological up gradation. IT infrastructure improvement/up gradation is based on scalability, responsiveness, accessibility, productivity improvement, etc. Human resource capabilities: HR strengths and weaknesses are evaluated through analysis of employee mix, engagement survey results, leadership perception survey results, skill gap, attrition, etc. Redeploying resources, creation of bench strength, Rewa

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The English Peasant Uprising Essay -- British History

The English Peasant Uprising was motivated by a growing contempt with the government and clergy following the Black Death which was finally set off by a series of immediate social and economic causes. A shortage of workers followed the Black Death with an estimated forty-five per cent of the population dying in England . As entire towns were either deserted or left devoid of life, rural peasants increased their mobility into major cities. This shortage of rural workers led to famine as fields were left to go fallow, placing further economic pressure on the peasant classes who survived as the price of food increased. Due to the lack of labourers, the labourers who survived demanded greater wages as they now had increased leverage over employers. This ultimately led to economic inflation due to the increased labour cost to the upper classes. This was met with resistance from King Edward III and parliament, who issued the Ordinance of Labourers 1349 and the Statute of Labourers 1351 in an attempt to fix workers’ rates to that of before the Black Death and prohibit an increase in wages beyond pre-established limits . This put great stress on the peasantry as they were forced to work throughout famine for greater hours for limited pay under inflated prices and seeded an antipathy for the government. The general attitude towards the Church as an institution was also responsible for the English Peasant Uprising. At this time, the Church was still a major landowner with almost 60% of English land held by the Church . However, 40% of priests and monks died to the Black Death and the shortage of ecumenical authorities lead to good wages offered for people to step into the clergy . This lead many people unsuited to the roles of religious... ...ts Revolt of 1381. Bath: Pitman. pp. 373. Joint action against `Bad' lordship: The peasants' revolt in Essex and Norfolk. Russell, Josiah Cox (1948). British Medieval Population. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Henderson, Ernest F. (__) Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages The Great Revolt of 1381 Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381 Charles Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381 , (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), pp. 200-203, 205 England in the Aftermath of the Black Death GOOGLE BOOKS The English Rising of 1381 'The Peasants Revolt', in The Medieval Reader, edited by Norman Cantor (New York: Harper Collins, 1994), 284-93. E.B. Fryde, The Great Revolt of 1381, London: The Historical Association, 1981, 5-33 Peasant road to capitalism Peasant Politics and Class Consciousness: The Norfolk Rebellions of 1381 The English Peasant Uprising Essay -- British History The English Peasant Uprising was motivated by a growing contempt with the government and clergy following the Black Death which was finally set off by a series of immediate social and economic causes. A shortage of workers followed the Black Death with an estimated forty-five per cent of the population dying in England . As entire towns were either deserted or left devoid of life, rural peasants increased their mobility into major cities. This shortage of rural workers led to famine as fields were left to go fallow, placing further economic pressure on the peasant classes who survived as the price of food increased. Due to the lack of labourers, the labourers who survived demanded greater wages as they now had increased leverage over employers. This ultimately led to economic inflation due to the increased labour cost to the upper classes. This was met with resistance from King Edward III and parliament, who issued the Ordinance of Labourers 1349 and the Statute of Labourers 1351 in an attempt to fix workers’ rates to that of before the Black Death and prohibit an increase in wages beyond pre-established limits . This put great stress on the peasantry as they were forced to work throughout famine for greater hours for limited pay under inflated prices and seeded an antipathy for the government. The general attitude towards the Church as an institution was also responsible for the English Peasant Uprising. At this time, the Church was still a major landowner with almost 60% of English land held by the Church . However, 40% of priests and monks died to the Black Death and the shortage of ecumenical authorities lead to good wages offered for people to step into the clergy . This lead many people unsuited to the roles of religious... ...ts Revolt of 1381. Bath: Pitman. pp. 373. Joint action against `Bad' lordship: The peasants' revolt in Essex and Norfolk. Russell, Josiah Cox (1948). British Medieval Population. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Henderson, Ernest F. (__) Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages The Great Revolt of 1381 Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381 Charles Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381 , (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), pp. 200-203, 205 England in the Aftermath of the Black Death GOOGLE BOOKS The English Rising of 1381 'The Peasants Revolt', in The Medieval Reader, edited by Norman Cantor (New York: Harper Collins, 1994), 284-93. E.B. Fryde, The Great Revolt of 1381, London: The Historical Association, 1981, 5-33 Peasant road to capitalism Peasant Politics and Class Consciousness: The Norfolk Rebellions of 1381

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Compare and Contrast, from Cholos to Surfers and My Latino Heart

The connections in these two stories is that in Mr. Lopez story is that a young boy is troubled because he is not sure on what being a â€Å"Mexican† is all about, and that ties in with what is California image really trying to say. The next story â€Å"Of Cholos and Surfers† is a depiction of a young boy also, but he is having trouble trying to break out of the tradition of being a normal â€Å"Mexican† and do what he is more comfortable doing. In the story of â€Å"My Latino Heart† it is about a young teenager who is having trouble finding what the Mexican culture is all about.He is not sure on how to fit in with his Mexican culture. The identity of his culture is hard for him to comprehend. He asked his mother â€Å" What am I†. His mother answered â€Å" You’re a Mexican American† He replied â€Å" But what does that mean†. He couldn’t didn’t know what his parents were trying to tell him. He did not think he wa s Mexican because he couldn’t speak the Spanish. He wanted to have a answer to his question. He went to his Aunt and asked her what it meant to be a Mexican American. His Aunt replied â€Å" You’re you†.Again he was not sure of what this meant? He didn’t get another opportunity to ask his Aunt again because she had died of alcoholism. When the family had a gathering he shied away from the younger parts of his family, and went to the adults to see what his Aunt was really like when she was alive and didn’t drink. He could get a sense of what being a Mexican meant. Remembering the people that had died and to never forget them. To think of the good things about the person and to credit them for their influence they had in his life.Also in the lives that she had contact with long enough to make a difference in their lives. In the story â€Å"Of Cholos and Surfers† this teenage boy depicted by the author Jack Lopez, was a boy who lived in a Mexic an family in the Los Angeles area. His family was a family who kept their roots, and never forgot where they came from. Also there were two sides of the neighborhood were they grew up. You were either a cholo or a surfer. This young teenage boy had more of a interest in the surfer lifestyle. He wanted to be a surfer so bad that he wore clothes that the surfers would wear.His family would not allow to him to have his hair down to his ears. His friends in junior high where Sheldon Cohen and Tom Gheridelli. They were both surfers. He naturally became good friends with them because they had the same interest. He wanted to buy a surfer magazine that cost forty-five dollars. He would read Surfer Quarterly, and other surfer magazines with his friends at Sportsman Park under the bleachers. Him and his dad made an agreement that his dad would take him to get a magazine in Vermont.When he and his dad arrived in Vermont they got the magazine his father looked at him and said â€Å" Is that it ? †. He didn’t believe that his son was serious about getting the magazine. When his father got to the counter to pay for the magazine, the clerk and his dad were poking fun at the magazine in Spanish. In these stories starting with â€Å"My Latino Heart† and the California myth of a glamorous life is this; in this story, this young boy wants to know what it means to be a Latino/Mexican. He asks’ his Aunt, his father, and his mother on what it means to be Mexican.He has to go to through a journey and figure out on what this Mexican culture is all about. n the story â€Å" Of Cholos and Surfers† the similarities of this story to that of the California dream is this. This young boy wanted something more out of his life. He did not think that the life of a cholo was the right life for him. He wanted to do something that he thought would have purpose and that made sense to him, and something that would make him succeed. Even though his parents did not l ike the idea. He was willing to make that dream come true.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Humpty Dumptys Philosophy of Language

Humpty Dumptys Philosophy of Language In Chapter 6 of Through the Looking Glass Alice meets Humpty Dumpty, who she recognizes immediately since she knows about him from the nursery rhyme. Humpty is a bit irritable, but he turns out to have some thought-provoking notions about language, and philosophers of language have been quoting him ever since. Must a Name Have a Meaning? Humpty begins by asking Alice her name and her business:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘My name is Alice, but––‘  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘It’s a stupid name enough!’ Humpty Dumpty interrupted impatiently.   ‘What does it mean?’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Must a name mean something?’ Alice asked doubtfully.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Of course it must,’ Humpty Dumpty said with a short laugh: ‘my name means the shape I am–and a good handsome shape it is too.   With a name like yours, you might be any shape, almost.’ As in many other respects, the looking glass world, at least as described by Humpty Dumpty, is the inverse of Alice’s everyday world (which is also ours). In the everyday world, names typically have little or no meaning: ‘Alice,’ ‘Emily,’ ‘Jamal,’ ‘Christiano,’ usually do nothing other than denoting an individual. They can certainly have connotations: that’s why there are so many more people called ‘David’ (the heroic king of ancient Israel) than are called ‘Judas’ (the betrayer of Jesus). And we can sometimes infer (though not with perfect certainty) incidental acts about a person from their name: e.g. their sex, their religion (or that of their parents), or their nationality. But names usually tell us little else about their bearers. From the fact that someone is called ‘Grace,’ we can’t infer that they are graceful. Apart from the fact that most proper names are gendered, so parents don’t usually call a boy ‘Josephine’ or a girl ‘William,’ a person can be given pretty much any name from a very long list.   General terms, on the other hand, cannot be applied arbitrarily. The word ‘tree’ can’t be applied to an egg; and the word ‘egg’ can’t mean a tree. That is because words like these, unlike proper names, have a definite meaning. But in Humpty Dumpty’s world, things are the other way round. Proper names must have a meaning, while any ordinary word, as he tells Alice later, means whatever he wants it to mean–that is, he can stick them on things the way we stick names on people. Playing Language Games With Humpty Dumpty Humpty delights in riddles and games. And like many other Lewis Carroll characters, he loves to exploit the difference between the way words are conventionally understood and their literal meaning. Here are a couple of examples.                   ‘Why do you sit out here all alone?’ said Alice†¦..  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Why, because there’s nobody with me!’ cried Humpty Dumpty.   ‘Did you think I didn’t know the answer to that?’ The joke here stems from the ambiguity of the ‘Why?’ question. Alice means ‘What causes have brought it about that you sit here alone?’ This is the normal way the question is understood. Possible answers might be that Humpty dislikes people, or that his friends and neighbors have all gone away for the day. But he takes the question in a different sense, as asking something like: under what circumstances would we say that you (or anyone) are alone? Since his answer rests on nothing more than the definition of the word ‘alone,’ it is completely uninformative, which is what makes it funny. A second example needs no analysis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘So here’s a question for you{says Humpty].   How old did you say you were?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alice made a short calculation, and said ‘Seven years and six months.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Wrong!’ Humpty Dumpty exclaimed triumphantly.   You never said a word like it.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘I thought you meant â€Å"How old are you?†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Alice explained.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘If I’d meant that, I’d have said it,’ said Humpty Dumpty. How Do Words Get Their Meaning? The following exchange between Alice and Humpty Dumpty has been cited countless times by philosophers of language:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘†¦and that shows that there are three hundred and sixty-four days when you might get un-birthday presents––‘  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Certainly,’ said Alice.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘And only one for birthday presents, you know.   There’s glory for you!’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚                  ‘I don’t know what you mean by â€Å"glory†,’ Alice said.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. ‘Of course you don’t–till I tell you.   I meant â€Å"there’s a nice knock-down argument for you!†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘But â€Å"glory† doesn’t mean â€Å"a nice knock-down argument†, Alice objected.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †˜When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean–neither more nor less.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The question is,’ said Alice, ‘whether you can make words mean different things–that’s all.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The question is,’ said Humpty Dumpty, ‘which is to be master–that’s all’ In his Philosophical Investigations (published in 1953), Ludwig Wittgenstein argues against the idea of a â€Å"private language.† Language, he maintains, is essentially social, and words get their meanings from the way they are used by communities of language users. If he is right, and most philosophers think he is, then Humpty’s claim that he can decide for himself what words mean, is wrong. Of course, a small group of people, even just two people, could decide to give words novel meanings.   E.g. Two children could invent a code according to which â€Å"sheep† means â€Å"ice cream† and â€Å"fish† means money. But in that case, it is still possible for one of them to misuse a word and for the other speaker to point out the mistake. But if I alone decide what words mean, it becomes impossible to identify mistaken uses. This is Humpty’s situation if words simply mean whatever he wants them to mean. So Alice’s skepticism about Humpty’s ability to decide for himself what words mean is well-founded.   But Humpty’s response is interesting. He says it comes down to ‘which is to be master.’  Presumably, he means: are we to master language, or is language to master us? This is a profound and complex question. On the one hand, language is a human creation: we didn’t find it lying around, ready-made. On the other hand, each of us is born into a linguistic world and a linguistic community which, whether we like it or not, provides us with our basic conceptual categories, and shapes the way we perceive the world.  Language is certainly a tool that we use for our purposes; but it is also, to use a familiar metaphor, like a house in which we live.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker Essays

Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker Essays Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker Essay Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker Essay Documentary filmmaking was created to provide objectivity, authenticity and truthfulness on a particular subject matter something first seen in movies such as Nanook of the North, Robert Flaherty. Man on Wire is a documentary based on Philippe Petits emotional and physical journey as a tightrope walker whose sole dream was to achieve the impossible and walk across the two world trade centers. Its subject matter aside, what is particularly interesting about this documentary is the fact that it does not follow all of the typical documentary film conventions that we see in a vast number of Michael Moore films for example. Accuracy is often a critical factor in documentary films, clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d by unsteady, handheld camera shots, cramped framing (the rule of thirds is often entirely ignored) and the utilization of natural lighting is employed. Often times the use of diagetic sound is entirely natural as well, in particular Nick Bloomfields Biggie and Tupac where which we notice the natural sound runs out and is looped on several instances. However, Man On Wire focuses more on versimilitude as opposed to accuracy itself, where fear is intensified to a whole new level and the camera recreates frantic movements, unlike conventional documentary filmmaking. Documentarians often go to great lengths to convince us that the footage is real and unaltered in anyway, although editing and voiceover can affect the reality we, as viewers, see. To aid authenticity and to add further information, the use of recreated events and scenes is used in Man On Wire as obtaining archives and footage of the event was diffic ult. In this way, Man On Wire does not follow this in the sense that the events are artifice; the music is greatly exaggerated, diagetic sounds are heightened to create fear and suspense and there are actors recreating events. Most would agree that films such as Spurlocks Supersize Me would easily fit under the documentary film genre as it follows many of the documentary film conventions, however, there are several scenes in which the use of childish music totally undermines the McDonalds Corporation. This technique is similarly, and unconventionally, used in Man On Wire. Other ways in which Man On Wire doesnt follow conventional film documentary styles is the fact that a particular mood and tone is created and enhanced. It can be perceived as Avant-garde to a certain extent through its innovative and experimental ways pushing the boundaries so to speak.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Nakheel and the launch of blue communites Essay

Nakheel and the launch of blue communites - Essay Example 3; Dubai). There is a need for research, development, and positive transformation of these locations with a long-term aim for Blue Communities to provide leadership in the development of sustainable coastal communities. Nakheel is still a young company, formed in 2001, but bin Salayem notes that the company is already a leader in the region, as well as internationally, and offers its pioneering approach as applied to Blue Communities (Dubai par. 7). Dubai's Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) has made developers responsible for any structural damage to a property and defective installations for 10 years after project completion. The aims of the new law are to "monitor real-estate and development brokers, prevent fraudulent activities and increase investment" (Special Report par. 4). A Nakheel spokesman noted that the new policy is similar to already existing legislation in the UAE Civil Code. Nakheel's projects include The Palms, The World, and the forthcoming Waterfront, which when completed will add 1000 km of waterfront to Dubai. According to the spokesman for Nakheel, "We already guarantee the structural integrity of our properties for 10 years in our standard contracts, so this is not new to us" (Special Report par. 8). Nakheel has more than 1800 employees. It currently has US$60 billion worth of major projects spread across more than 2 billion square feet. The company is committed to ensuring leadership for Dubai in all areas of life with special focus on sustained development and environment (Zakaria). The idea behind Blue Communities, according to Abdul Rahman Kalantar, the company's managing director for design and development, is to "launch new thinking and working methods, given that the initiative itself is not confined to one company or one country, [but] it's rather available for all parties concerned with coastal communities" (Zakaria par. 4). When Dubai's building projects created land where none had existed before, a whole series of environmental concerns were raised. Nakheel met the challenge by initiating a global charter to define the best practice on how coastlines can be developed around the world. It's called Blue Communities and over the next three years is a call to action to the world (Think Blue). Almost half the world's coast is presently threatened by development related activities. At present, Dubai is building its coastline in harmony with nature. But, as more and more projects compete, how long can this be the case In North and Central America nearly a third of the coastline faces moderate to high threats from building for houses and industry. About half of South America's towns, resorts, and leisure communities are mushrooming, turning natural habitats into steel and concrete. It is noted that "an estimated 80 per cent of all life on earth is found in the sea" (Think Blue par. 2). The future of the planet depends on looking ahead and meeting challenges to sustain a natural environment. Issues that must be addressed on a worldwide basis, not just in Dubai and its environs, but throughout the globe, are part of Nakheel's Blue Communities initiatives, as follows (Lamb): Climate

Friday, November 1, 2019

Perfect Competition, Monopolistic, Oligopoly, Monopoly Essay

Perfect Competition, Monopolistic, Oligopoly, Monopoly - Essay Example Perfect competition Many Sellers The perfect competition market have many sellers. The sellers are adequate in the market such and therefore a single decision by a particular firm in terms of prices, and output attract no impact on the equilibrium prices and quantities in the market. Many Buyers There are many buyers in the market with perfect information about the prices and quantities. Sellers cannot, therefore, manipulate the customers based on prices and quantities as the value of costs is determined by the economic forces of demand and supply. Firm are Prices Takers The firms in the perfect competition markets are price takers. The firm cannot, therefore, sell at different (at) price that the prevailing rates. Homogeneous Goods The sellers and buyers in the perfect competition marketing trade in homogeneous goods. The goods sold are similar and thus a seller has no option to sell at the prevailing prices in the market to make the normal prices. Perfect Information There is complete knowledge with respect to goods sold, prices and quantities. Sellers cannot manipulate the buyers who attach values to the commodities sold making firms operate under normal prices. No transportation costs There are no transportation costs in the market. The market structure assumes that sellers only sell around their local markets and hence walk into the markets freely with their goods. Free entry and Exit There are no barriers to entry and exit, and this is at the discretion of the sellers. Firms tend to enter the market when it is favorable and quite during the upheavals. Sellers may switch in between the various homogenous products depending on the one that sells and demanded. Monopolistic competition There are many firms with less market share. There are a vast number of differentiated products a feature that distinguish it from perfect competition market structure. Products differentiation is in the form of styles, location, pricing strategies, brand name, packaging, and advertisement. The firms enter or leave the market at their discretion. Monopoly There is restricted entry and exit from the market Monopolist restricts entry into the firm due to increased market power arising from economies of scale. A single firm may own a fundamental factor input hence locking out others hence enjoying a greater market share. Due the economies of scale the marginal cost of production declines and reduced total costs of production. A single Seller and Many Buyers In a monopoly market structure, there is a single seller producing a product with no close substitutes hence synonymous industry and firm. However, the firm benefit from a range of buyers that have no option hence buy at the Monopoly’s set prices despite restricted quantities. Unique Products (Heterogeneous) The firms in a monopoly market structure produce heterogeneous products. Therefore, there is less competition in the industry, and the firm can make supernormal profits in the short run since there are many buyers. Monopoly is the Price Maker The power possesses a higher degree of market power. The firm was thus able to charge prices at the equilibrium prices by manipulating the quantity of outputs supplied, but still find consumers buying in bulks as the firm is sole in the industry. Oligopoly Sell standardized or differentiated commodities. There are restrictions to entry due to economies of scale

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Communication in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Communication in Economics - Essay Example Paul Krugman, a Nobel Prize winning economist argues that the move to raise the minimum wage would not lead to job loss because big companies like McDonalds cannot replace workers by machines nor move these jobs overseas. However, the implications may not be the same for small companies. According to the U.S Department of Labor, raising the minimum wage can be beneficial to the economy, for instance, it would reduce employee turnover and increase consumer purchasing power. Increasing the minimum wage may be beneficial to those who receive it even though this might have little impact on the U.S economy. Therefore, it is prudent to review critically the move by L.A to increase the minimum wage from a socio-political dimension rather than an economical point of view. It is high time that the electorate figure out the motive of many elected officers as that of garnering votes rather than boosting the

Monday, October 28, 2019

The effects of concentration on reaction rates Essay Example for Free

The effects of concentration on reaction rates Essay I could back this conclusion up by doing two things. Firstly, I could use my average time graph (graph 1) to work out what time any concentration would take to complete its reaction. This is especially because of the fact that all my results I tested followed a trend. What I can do is to look where any concentration level is in line with the line of best fit, and then I could take this point on the line of best fit and look to see where that point lines up with the time taken. An example is on the next page: Here you can see that the point indicated as the intersecting point is where the concentration levels and time taken axis meet on the line of best fit. This is exactly how I could prove my conclusion correct, by taking any concentration, and then test the concentration in the same way as in my method to see if the time taken follows this pattern. If it does, then I could easily prove my conclusion to be correct. Evaluation: The times would have been very unlikely to be the same, particularly under the conditions of the fact that we had a strict time limit of two lessons, including getting the equipment out and clearing it up again. Overall, this was a very tight deadline to meet, and I eventually realised I needed to try and run my first and second tests simultaneously in the second lesson, as I was nearly out of time. This rush could easily have affected my final results in several ways, all because of the rush I was in to get all my results. The magnesium floating in the HCl may have been a problem too. I dont think it would have affected the results much, but because it was floating, not all of the magnesium was in the acid at the same time throughout the reaction, and therefore this may have meant the reaction took longer as it couldnt react with all of the magnesium straight away. I could have got over this by poking the Mg down, but that may have affected the results as well. If I were to use a substance that would react with the HCl in ANY way (even if it would be unnoticeable to the naked eye), then the reaction rates would have probably slowed down, because some of the HCl would have reacted with the other substance, leaving less of it to react with the Mg. The other (more obvious) point is that I would have found it hard to poke three pieces of Mg in different test tubes down at once. The other way which I could have solved this, would be to make the density of the Mg larger, so that the Mg would sink naturally to the bottom of the test tube. This could have been done either by redoing the tests with more magnesium (a longer strip), or by using less HCl. I would have done this, but the tight time limit meant that I couldnt redo all the tests that I have already done in time, before realising this. Another way my results could have been affected is that because the 0. 1 reading took a long time to complete, meaning that I may not have noticed that the reaction had finished straight away. I dont think this happened, though, so Im not too worried about this. Finally, and this occurred in my second test which could indeed explain my ringed faulty result, I admit, time got the better of me and so I didnt wash out my measuring cylinder out after measuring each concentration of acid. I may have measured smaller concentrations first and these concentrations could have mixed with the one I was using then to not give the mole that I said I was using for this test. To get over this problem, I could either have rinsed out the cylinder before measuring each concentration, or even by sharing cylinders with other people, of which each cylinder would only be used for one concentration. Overall, despite these problems, I dont think I will have made a bad attempt at the experiment, because the results were similar both times and they did follow a trend on my two graphs. 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section. Download this essay Print Save Heres what a teacher thought of this essay 3 star(s).

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Fatherhood and the Unmarried Adolescent African-American Male Essay

Just about a quarter of all children are now born out of wedlock.... Add to that the substantial fraction of children born into marriages that will not survive.... What do these high rates of marital instability imply for patterns of childbearing, and especially for fathers’ involvement with their children? (Furstenberg & Harris, 1992, p. 199) The vast amount of research on the topic of adolescent pregnancies has historically focused on the female (such as Furstenberg, 1976 and Stack, 1974). Social scientists have tried to understand the problem and also help the adolescent mother following her decision to give birth to a child. In some places, such as Oakland, California, 73% of adolescents giving birth are African American (Smith, 1988, p.269; Massey, 1991, p. 117). With this in mind, social workers have spent most of their efforts helping adolescent African-American women. The Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) and Aid to Families of Dependent Children (AFDC) offer help for many women and their children. Unfortunately, the social workers usually â€Å"viewed Black adolescent fathers either as a cause of the problem of adolescent parenthood or as a partial solution in their assigned role of financial provider† (Smith, 1988, p. 269). Introductory quote focuses on an important public conversation about children born out of wedlock and fathers' involvement with their children. Furtstenburg is considered an expert on the topic of pregnancy among adolescents and the changing American family. The writer further identifies the context for the research as the social sciences and suggests how this research has influenced social workers. Sources provide general background information, sp... ...ing American family: Sociological and demographic perspectives (pp. 197-223). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Furstenberg, F. (1976). Unplanned parenthood: The social consequences of teenage childbearing. New York: Free Press. Hendricks, L. E. (1988). A preliminary report on three ethnic groups. Adolescence, 91, 711-720 Horton, C. P. & Smith, J. C. (Eds.) (1990). Statistical record of Black America. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc. Massey, G. (1991). The flip side of teen mothers: A look at teen fathers. In B. P. Bowser. (Ed.), Black male adolescents: Parenting and education in community context (pp. 117-128). New York: University Press of America. Smith, L. A. (1988). Black adolescent fathers: Issues for service provision. Social Work, 33. 269-272. Stack, C. B. (1974). All our kin: Strategies for survival in a black community. New York: Harper & Row.